现在分词用法与高考题练习

1现在分词用法与高考题练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义二、现在分词的句法功能1．作定语单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。Theswimmingboyismyelderbrother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。Telltheboysplayingovertherenottomakeanynoise．告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。2．作表语现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。Thestorysoundsinteresting．这个故事听起来很有趣。Thenewswasdisappointing．这个消息令人失望。【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows．（=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask．）你的任务是擦窗户。3．作补足语(1)现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，lookat，listento，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。InoticedamanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar．我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。(2)上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。ShewasheardsinginganEnglishsongyesterday．昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。Acookwillbefiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。4．作状语现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。(1)表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。①Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad．（=Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroad.）过马路时小心点。②HavingturnedofftheTV,hebegantodohishomework．关掉电视后，他开始做家庭作业。（=AfterhehadturnedofftheTV．hebegantodohishomework．）(2)表示原因①Beingsoexcited,shecouldn’tgotosleep．(=Becauseshewassoexcited,shecouldn’tgotosleep.)因为她太兴奋了，所以睡不着。②Nothavingreceivedhisreply，shedecidedtomakeacalltohim．（=Becauseshehadn’treceivedhisreply,shedecidedtomakeacalltohim．因为没有收到他的回信，她决定给他打个电话。(3)表示方式或伴随，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。①Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand．(=Theteachercameintotheclassroomandheldabookinhishand.)老师手拿一本书走进教室。②Hecamerunningintotheroom.(=Hecameandranintotheroom)他跑进屋来。(4)表示结果，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。这类状语常放在句子的后半部分，分词前往往有副词thus,thereby(因此)或only，并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，常可译为“于是，所以，因而”等。这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子。逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。①Thecarwasheldupbythestorm，causingthedelay.(=Thecarwasheldupbythestormandcausedthedelay.)汽车被暴风雨所阻挡，因而耽搁了。②Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.(=Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,andlefttheprojectunfinished.)那位老科学突然去世，留下未尽的事业。③Heturnedoffthelamp,(thereby)seeingnothing.(=Heturnedoffthelamp,therebyhesawnothing.)他熄了灯，什么也看不见了。④Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,thusresultinginanincreaseinproduction.(=Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,whichresultedinanincreaseinproduction.)大量的新机器被从国外引入，导致生产增加。(5)表示条件，常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Workinghard,you’llsucceed.(=Ifyouworkhard，you’llsucceed.)努力工作，你就会成功。(6)表示让步，常相当于一个though等引导的让步状语从句。Thoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidn’tstopworking.(=ThoughBillyfelttired,hedidn’tstopworking.尽管觉得很累，但比利并没有停止他的工作。名称形式意义例句一般式doing与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生Theprofessorcamein,followingtheheadmaster．教授跟着校长进来了。现在分词的被动形式beingdone强调被动的动作在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.现在正讨论的问题很重要。现在分词的完成式havingdone分词所表示的动作发生在谓语之前Havingstudiedthemap，Iknowwhichwaytogo．仔细看完地图后，我知道该走哪条路了。现在分词的完成被动式havingbeendone分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；分词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系Havingbeenscoldedmanytimesbytheboss，hedecidedtoleave．被老板责骂很多次后，他决定离开。2三、分词的否定式分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前，遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之前。Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtowait．不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thelittlegirldoesn’tdaretogotoschool．小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。四、独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generallyspeaking总的来说；judgingfrom/by根据……判断；speakingof说到……；talkingof谈到……；franklyspeaking坦率地说；allowingfor考虑到。①Judgingbyhisface,hewasangry．从他的脸色上看，他很生气。②Theprojectwilltakeabout8months,allowingfordelayscausedbytherainyseason.考虑到雨季的耽误，这项工程大约需要8个月。③Franklyspeaking，thecarisnotworthbuying.坦率地说，这部车不值得买。现在分词练习1.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor______Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading2.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared3.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing4.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced5.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose6.Thepicture________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung7.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice________him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall8.The________boywaslastseen________neartheEastLake.A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay9.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents________Chineseintheschool,most______werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom10.Whilewatchingtelevision,________.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings11.When_____differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared12.Can’tyouread?Marysaid_____tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing1