流利说商务英语Level5-Unit2-Part5-Related-Factors-I

流利说商务英语Level5Unit2Part5RelatedFactorsIMarketforecastAmarketforecastpredictshowwellagoodorservicewillsell.Sellersusemarketforecaststohelpdeterminehowmuchsupplytocreate.Ifaforecastisaccurate,itwillpreventasellerfromhavingasurplusorshortageofgoodsorservices.OpportunitycostOpportunitycostiswhatyoumustgiveupinordertodosomething.Ifsomeonedecidestoquittheirjobandgotobusinessschool,theopportunitycostwouldbelosingtheirincome.Companiesshouldconsidertheopportunitycostbeforetheydecidewhattoproduceorsell.ResourcecostsResourcecostsreflectwhatisneededtodevelopagoodorservice.Theymayincludethecostofmaterials,technologyandlabor.Whenresourcecostsgoup,goodsandservicesbecomemoreexpensivetoproduce,andthesupplyislikelytogodown.Withoutamarketforecast,itmaybedifficulttoanticipatedemand.Ifamarketforecastpredictsincreaseddemandforyellowsweatersinthefall,aclothingcompanywilllikelyproductmoreyellowsweaters.Thecompanyusedmarketforecaststoanticipatedemandforitsproducts.Whenexpandingintonewproductcategories,acompanyshouldconsidertheiropportunitycost.GovernmentinterventionGovernmentinterventionisanactiontakenbythegovernmentthatinfluencesthesupplyordemandofgoodsandservices.Agovernmentcouldsetpricesforcropstofindmanufacturingstandardsandadjusttaxes.Forexample,agovernmentmayraisetaxesonrawmaterialsfromoverseastoencouragecompaniestobuyfromdomesticsuppliers.TechnologyAdvancesintechnologycanimprovethespeedandefficiencyofproducinggoodsandservices.Byreducingthetimeandresourcesneededforproduction,thesupplyofagoodorservicecanbeincreased.Asubsidyisaformofgovernmentinterventionwheremoneyisgiventoaproducertokeepthepriceofaproductlow.Agovernmentmayintervenetokeepindustriescompetitiveorstimulateeconomicgrowth.Thefactoryinvestedinautomatedtechnologytoincreasethespeedofproduction.Whenmanufacturingtechnologyisimproved,goodscanbeproducedfaster,whichwillincreasetheirsupply.