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-1-八下牛津英语语法讲解与练习------被动语态一、各种时态的被动语态一般现在时：am／is／are＋动词过去分词Carsaremadebythem.一般过去时：was／were＋动词过去分词TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.一般将来时：will/shall/begoingtobe＋动词过去分词Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋动词过去分词Themeetinghasbeenputoff.二、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如：wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Wemustfinishthisworksoon.→Thisworkmustbedonesoon.Wehavetocleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.（1）时态保持一致。Ihaverepairedmycomputer.---Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.（2）如果要说出动作的执行者，并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用by短语，如果后面的词表示地点，不是动作的执行者，就用in短语。Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。Hecleanedthecar.→Thecarwascleanedbyhim.(4)疑问句的被动语态，用be动词的对应形式代替doDoesshedrivethiscar?→Isthiscardrivenbyher?（5）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.--Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.(6)主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），另一个是间接宾语（指人），主动语态变为被动语态时，可以把间接宾语变成主语，保留直接宾语，也可以把直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语，但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。Myfathergavemeabook.→(1)Iwasgivenabookbymyfather.→(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.Sheshowedmesomephotos.→(1)Iwasshownsomephotosbyher.→(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.注意：有些双宾语动词，如do,pass,sell,send,sing，bring,write等，变为被动语态时，通常以直接宾语作主语，保留间接宾语，其前面根据情况用介词to或forShewrotemealetter.→Aletterwaswrittentomebyher.有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(羡慕)等，通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语，保留直接宾语。Heansweredmethatquestion.→Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.（7）主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时要加上to，这类的动词有make,have,let,notice，see，watch,lookat,hear,listento,feelhelp等。Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.→Hewasmadetowashthedishes.Isawaboycrossthestreet.→Aboywasseentocrossthestreet.-2-（8）Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1、（1）英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thecoatssellwell.Theknifecutswell.这刀好使。Theshoeswearlong.这鞋耐穿。注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）（2）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout（出现）等以主动形式表示被动意义。（3）系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。（1）在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。（2）在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.（3）在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.五、下列情况不能用于被动语态1.不及物动词没有被动语态这类动词常见的有：takeplace,happen,last,rise,breakout,appear等Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.（√）Theaccidentwashappenedlastnight.(×)2.系动词没有被动语态这些动词有：feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。8下被动语态专项练习一、按要求改写下列句子1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改为主动语态）people____________teainSouthChina？2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同义句转换）Abirthdaypresent________________________________bymyparentseveryyear3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)AnEnglishsong_____________________________bythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)It_______________________________________byyounow.-3-5.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)Metal______________________________________makingmachines.6.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)I_________________________________________________thatforhim.7..SomePeoplenoticedthoseworkersmakingmachines.(改为被动语态)Thoseworkers_____________________________________makingmachines.8.Theyoftensawtheboywatchthefootballmatcheslastyear.(改为被动语态)Theboy________often_________________________thefootballmatchesbythem.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?(改为被动语态)__________abridge___________herebythemayearago?10.HarryJonesdesignedthegame.(改为被动语态)Thegame____________________HarryJones.11.Heoftenmakesusworkfortenhoursaday.(改为被动语态)We___________often___________to__________fortenhoursaday.12.Myparentsbuymeabirthdaycakeeveryyear.(改为被动语态)(1)I________________________________abirthdaycakebymyparentseveryyear.(2)Abirthdaycake_______________________________mebyparentseveryyear.13.Wenoticedhimeatingsnacksinclass.(改为被动语态)Heeatingsnacksinclassbyus.14.Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear.(把句子改为被动语态)Manytrees_________________byhimeveryyear.15.Theteachermadehimhandinhomeworkbeforeclass.(把句子改为被动语态)Hewas________________handinhomeworkbeforeclass(bytheteacher).16.HeboughtaCD-ROMlastyear.(把句子改为被动语态)ACD-ROMlastyear.17.HeorganizesactivitiesoftheComputerClub.(把句子改为被动语态)ActivitiesoftheComputerClubbyhim.18..DoeseveryoneintheworldknowtheGreatWall?(把句子改为被动语态)theGreatWallintheworld