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Lesson133Tohardwork,that’stheonlywaytohavesuccess..情态动词+have+过去分词”的用法•英语中，表示对过去某种情况进行推测，常用情态动词must,may,might,can’t＋have＋过去分词表示。说话人的语气或推测的把握程度不同，使用的情态动词也不同。1．Jenny___withhimatthattime,forIwashavingdinnerwithherinmyhome.A.can’thavebeenB.mustn’thavebeenC.musthavebeenD.mayhavebeen2.Ididn’thearthephone.I____asleep.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhave3.—Whotoldyouthenews?—Idon’trememberclearly.It___Mary.—It___Mary.Shedoesn’tknowit.A.mayhavebeen;can’tbeB.canbe;mustn’tbeC.musthavebeen;can’thavebeenD.mayhavebeen;maynotbe4.Thiscakeisverysweet.You___alotofsugarinit.(05辽宁26题)Ａ.ShouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveputNewwords•reportern.记者•sensational/sen’seiʃənəl/adj.爆炸性的，耸人听闻的•minkcoatn.貂皮大衣1.reportern.-er后缀，表人-or,-ist,-ess(女),-an,-ee,learner学习者teacher教师driver司机operator接线员doctor医生inventor发明者scientist科学家artist艺术家chemist化学家dentist牙医actress女演员princess公主hostess女主人waitress女服务员African非洲人American美国人European欧洲人Asian亚洲人employee雇员trainee学员，培训生payee收款人reportv.报道Journalist/’dʒə:nəlist/n.记者•2.sensational/sen’seiʃənəl/adj.爆炸性的，耸人听闻的，煽动感情的•sensationalnews爆炸性新闻•sensationn.•1)五官的感觉，知觉•我的两只腿己完全失去了知觉了。•Ihavelostallsensationinmylegs.•2）感觉，感受•asensationofhappiness幸福感•3.轰动，轩然大波•那个消息引起一场轩然大波。•Thenewscreatedagreatsensation.3.minkcoatn.貂皮大衣minkn.水貂，貂皮Directspeech直接引语和间接引语&indirectspeech引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一.原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语(Directspeech);Thegirlsaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”那个女孩说：“我非常喜欢英语。”（直接引语）二.用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech).ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.那个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）直接引语变间接引语的变化形式•1.人称代词和指示代词的变化•指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：•Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”•他说：“我是来帮助你的。”•→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.•他说他是来帮助我的。2.由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化,注意以下几个方面:直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般现在时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般过去时Hesaidthatheknewit.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在进行时“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:过去完成时“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.过去完成时JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般将来时Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化:一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时注意：由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.3.由直接引语转变为间接引语,时间状语的变化。直接引语间接引语nowagotodaytomorrowthenBefore/earlierthatdaythenext/followingday直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaytonightintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbefore/earlierthatnight•4.地点状语的变化•here→there•5.谓语动词的变化•come→go直接引语改为间接引语，用词上的变化。变化内容直接引语间接引语地点状语herethere指示代词thisthatnowthenagobeforetodaythatdaythisweekthatweeknextweekthenextweektomorrowthenextdayyesterdaythedaybeforelastnightthenightbefore动词comego时间状语•三.直接引语变为间接引语的情况•1.直接引语为陈述句•（1）将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that可以省略）。例如：•Hesaid,“Iforgottocallyouyesterday.”•他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”•→Hesaid(that)hehadforgottentocallmethedaybefore.•他说他前一天忘记给我打电话了。•（2）如果引述动词是saytosb.,则通常改为tellsb.sth.结构。例如：•Hesaidtome,“Yourbikeisbroken.”•他对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”•→Hetoldmethatmybikewasbroken.•他对我说我的自行车坏了。sth.•2.直接引语为一般疑问句•直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为say，应改为ask.例如：•Maryaskedme,“IsHelenfromtheUnitedStates?”•玛丽问我，“海伦是美国人吗？”•→Maryaskedmewhether/ifHelenwasfromtheUnitedStates.•玛丽问我海伦是否是美国人。•3.直接引语为特殊疑问句•直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：•Johnaskedme,“WheredoesZhouXuncomefrom?”•约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”•→JohnaskedmewhereZhouXuncamefrom.•约翰问我周迅是哪儿的人。•4.直接引语为祈使句•直接引语为祈使句，根据直接引语的语气强弱，采用相应的句型：asksb.todosth./tellsb.todosth./ordersb.todosth.例如：•TheteachersaidtoTom,“Getout!”•→TheteachertoldTomtogetout.•“Pleaseopenthedoor”Marysaidtome.•→Maryaskedmetoopenthedoor.•“Standup!”theofficersaidtothesoldiers.•→Theofficerorderedthesoldierstostandup.练兵场将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：•1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.•Hesaidthat______never______meat.•3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.•Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.heateshehadtaken•4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”•Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.•5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.•He______methathe______mettheday______.risesgoestoldhadbefore•6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.•HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.•7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.•Hesaidth