A-Rose-for-Emily《给艾米丽的玫瑰》

ARoseforEmilyBackground＆CharactersMissEmily’sfatherHomerBarrontheNegroservanttownspeoplethecousins0102030504EmilyCharacters人物06ColonelSartoris,JudgeStevensMissEmilyThemaincharacterThestorystartsatherdeath,thenloopsbackaroundandtellsyouherlife,startingfromthedeathofherfatherMissEmilyisfromaverywealthysouthernfamily,andsheissnobbyandveryselfish.MissEmily'sfatherAnaristocracy（贵族）Heisacontronlling，loomingpresenceevenindeath.HerefusedhiscousinwhenhewantedtomarryEmily.HomerBarronAYankee(Northerner)broughttotowntofixthesidewalks.HisrelationshipwithMissEmilyisnotapprovedofbecausehehasnointentionofmarryingher.Heisatypicalman:lovestohangoutwiththeguysanddrink.HewaskilledbyEmily.TobyANegroservant.Emily’sslave,helivedwithMissEmilyuntilEmilywasdied,whoappearedtohavecoveredEmily’ssecret.TheSetting--Jefferson杰斐逊州1YOKNAPATAWPHA约克纳帕塔法世系§JeffersonisthecountyseatoftheimaginaryYoknapatawphaCounty(Faulkneroftenusedthissettinginhisworks)§JeffersonresemblesWilliamFaulkner'sreal-lifehomeofOxford,Mississippi§Late1800's–early1900'sCLUES线索Itwasabig,squarishframehousethathadoncebeenwhite,decoratedwithcupolasandspiresandscrolledbalconiesintheheavilylightsomestyleoftheseventies,setonwhathadoncebeenourmostselectstreet.Para2方形结构的房子白色的，外部装饰圆形屋顶、尖塔和涡型花纹的阳台——典型的十九世纪七十年代风格。高贵的街区典型的哥特式建筑BulidingPARA2Butgaragesandcottonginshadencroachedandobliteratedeventheaugustnamesofthatneighborhood;棉花车汽油泵南北战争后工业已经普及到南方PARA2UnionandConfederatesoldiers南北战争士兵杰斐逊战争thebattleofJefferson.MissEmilyhadgonetojointherepresentativesofthoseaugustnameswheretheylayinthecedar-bemusedcemeteryamongtherankedandanonymousgravesofUnionandConfederatesoldierswhofellatthebattleofJefferson.南北战争骡子和机械美国佬1894年女性黑人纳税圣公会格里尔森北方佬苦力工1423Datingfromthatdayin1894whenColonelSartoris,themayor--hewhofatheredtheedictthatnoNegrowomanshouldappearonthestreetswithoutanapron-remittedhertaxes.01Para302Para30Theconstructioncompanycamewithriggersandmulesandmachinery,andaforemannamedHomerBarron,aYankee--abig,dark,readyman.03Para31OfcourseaGriersonwouldnotthinkseriouslyofaNortherner,adaylaborer.04Para44Themendidnotwanttointerfere,butatlasttheladiesforcedtheBaptistminister--MissEmily'speoplewereEpiscopal--tocalluponher.战后社会变革THENEWSOUTH＆THEOLDSOUTH故事主要以美国南北战争以后为背景。南方贵族阶级日趋没落，但其残存的旧日理想的余辉诱惑着处于历史交替时期的南方人，造成他们精神世界与客观世界、人与时代的严重错位，心灵始终处于内在的混乱状态。落后、非人性的南方文化在文明的现代化面前崩溃的必然性；文明取代野蛮、进步战胜落后的不可抗拒性。艾米丽的悲剧除了个人性格的悲剧外，更多的来自于社会、时代和民族的悲剧，爱米丽之死标志着南方习俗文化的终结，喻示着一个新的文明时代的开启。美国南北战争TheCivilWar贵族Aristocrat宗教ReligionNorth工业北方贵族Aristocrat贵族AristocratBeforetheCivilWar南北战争之前2THENORTHThenorthernsoilandclimatefavoredsmallerfarmsteadsratherthanlargeplantations.Industryflourished,fueledbymoreabundantnaturalresourcesthanintheSouth,andmanylargecitieswereestablished(NewYorkwasthelargestcitywithmorethan800,000inhabitants).Between1800and1860,thepercentageoflaborersworkinginagriculturalpursuitsdroppeddrasticallyfrom70%toonly40%.Slaveryhaddiedout,replacedinthecitiesandfactoriesbyimmigrantlaborfromEurope.Transportation:waseasierintheNorth,whichboastedmorethantwo-thirdsoftherailroadtracksinthecountryandtheeconomywasonanupswing.Education:NorthernchildrenwereslightlymorepronetoattendschoolthanSouthernchildren.Party：FarmoreNorthernersthanSouthernersbelongedtotheWhig/Republicanpoliticalparty（辉格党和共和党的政党）andtheywerefarmorelikelytohavecareersinbusiness,medicine,oreducation.Infact,anengineerwassixtimesaslikelytobefromtheNorthasfromtheSouth.THESOUTHThefertilesoilandwarmclimateoftheSouthmadeitidealforlarge-scalefarmsandcropsliketobaccoandcotton.BecauseagriculturewassoprofitablefewSouthernerssawaneedforindustrialdevelopment.Eightypercentofthelaborforceworkedonthefarm.Althoughtwo-thirdsofSouthernersownednoslavesatall,by1860theSouth'speculiarinstitutionwasinextricablytiedtotheregion'seconomyandculture.Infact,therewerealmostasmanyblacks-butslavesandfree-intheSouthastherewerewhites(4millionblacksand5.5millionwhites).TherewerenolargecitiesasidefromNewOrleans,andmostoftheonesthatdidexistwerelocatedonriversandcoastsasshippingportstosendagriculturalproducetoEuropeanorNortherndestinations.Transportation:Onlyone-tenthofSouthernerslivedinurbanareasandtransportationbetweencitieswasdifficult,exceptbywater.Only35%ofthenation'straintrackswerelocatedintheSouth.Also,in1860,theSouth'sagriculturaleconomywasbeginningtostallwhiletheNorthernmanufacturerswereexperiencingaboom.Education：AslightlysmallerpercentageofwhiteSouthernerswereliteratethantheirNortherncounterparts,andSouthernchildrentendedtospendlesstimeinschool.Party:Asadults,SouthernmentendedtobelongtotheDemocraticpoliticalparty(民主党)andgravitatedtowardmilitarycareersaswellasagriculture.Compromiseof1850TheConflicts美国的，1802年，富尔顿发明蒸汽机，航运变得更便捷。1815年，美国棉纺织工业开始发展，由于美国工业在十九世纪还是非常弱小的，因此需要贸易保护主义的帮助，但是这遭到了严重依赖国外市场的南方种植园的反对。十九世纪40年代美国铁路和运河建设带动的北方工业起飞，促进了美国资本主义进一步发展，而此时南方正加紧推动对墨西哥的战争，企图扩大蓄奴州来增加议会的话语权，这引起北方的强烈反对。南方虽然是田园种植生活，但是他们本质上还是一群资本家,十八世纪末惠特尼发明了第一台轧棉机，使得南方棉花种植大发展，南方种植园主的欲望也要越来越膨胀，这也是他们走向毁灭的重要原因。TheCivilWar(1861–1865):UnionVs.ConfederacyOldSouth＆NewSouth新旧南方3OldSouthCulturally，“oldsouth”isusedtodescribetherur