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一.结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用一，不定式作主语1._________和_________都可以作主语，但是动名词多指抽象的，概念性的动作，或者是多次经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。Eg:___________________________isdangerous.玩火很危险。另外还应注意与表语的对称并行结构问题，如：__________isbelieving.______istobelieve.眼见为实。________islearning.______istolearn.阅读即是学习。Playingwithfire/ToplaywithfireSeeingTosee_ReadingToread_todosthdoingsth2.很多时候习惯用it代替不定式做形式主语，不定式放到后面，所以构成以下两种句型：It’s+adj.(easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,betteretc.)forsb.todosth.It’s+adj.(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate,silly,selfishetc.)ofsb.todosth._______hasnotbeendecidedyet.什么时候动身还没有决定呢。_______ortakeatrainisstillaproblem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题Whentoleave_Whethertodrive3.“疑问词+todo”相当于名词的功能，所以可以做哪些成分呢？二.不定式做表语不定式相当于名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”。这些名词：work,plan,proposal,task,mission,ambition,hobby,suggestion,aim,通常用不定式做表语解释其内容是什么。Ourworkistoservethepeople.Hishobbyistocollectstamps.Myambitionistoworkforafirm.Yourfirstmissionistostopweeping.注意：系动词remain，seem后的表语remain__________尚待被怎样…..remain_________仍然保持做某事的状态remain_________仍然(未)…tobedonedoing_done(undone)(1)Itremains_______(see)whetheryouareright.(2)Aftertheearthquake,veryfewhousesremained_______(stand)．(3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain_______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.tositD.satseem__________似乎要….seem____________似乎正在……。seem_____________似乎已经……(1)Sheseems__________herhomework.她好像做完了她的家庭作业。(2)Itseems______________.好像要下雨了。(3)Heseems______________hishomework.他好像正在做作业.todotobedoingtohavedone三.不定式作定语时:todo/tobedone(1)表将来Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.即将被买的车是送给他姐姐的。(2)用来修饰被序数词，最高级或no,all,any等修饰的词.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheParalympicGames.她是第一个在残奥会上赢得金牌的女性。(3)不定式动词是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，要带上相应的介词；Ineedapentowrite______.Shewantsachairtosit____.Heislookingforaroomtolive___.Thereisnothingtoworry_____.withoninabout(4)在ability,chance,right等抽象名词后；Ihavenochancetogoabroad.我没有出国的机会。Ihavenorighttoblameyou.Ihopetoequipmyselfwiththeabilitytoforgetyourightnow.四，不定式作宾语(1)请牢记下列小诗：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help，afford,strive等也要用不定式作宾语。例如：①Shepretended__________(notsee)mewhenIpassedby.②Weagreed___________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.③Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate–runcompaniesarestriving_______(make)theirproductsmorecompetitive.nottoseetomeettomakeIfounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(2)think/consider/findit+adj.+todo考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。consider/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,admit,delay/putoff,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk此外beusedto,lookforwardto,leadto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,putoff,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。用doing来做宾语的又有哪些动词呢?(3)todo/doing忘记去做某事忘记已经做过某事记住去做某事记得曾经做过某事后悔/遗憾要做某事后悔做过某事停下来去做另一件事停止做某件事情努力/试图做某事尝试着做某事意欲/想/企图做某事意味着做某事接着做另一件事继续做同一件事不能帮助做某事情不自禁地做某事五，不定式作补语，常见的有：(1)tell,advise,allow,permit,forbid,cause,consider,encourage,,force,intend,order,persuade,remind,request,require,urge,warn,ask,wish,want,callon,dependon,expect,invitesbtodosthIexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto不定式的省略？？？•特别注意：hope,agree/approve,suggest，refuse,arrange,welcome,demand,thank,congratulate,forgive等不能用不定式作宾补。(2)不定式在句型S.besaid/thought/considered/found/known/believed+todo/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavedone/tohavebeendoing中作主语补足语。Thefluisbelieved____________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.•Theteacheraskedus__________(notmake)somuchnoise.•Bellwasbelieved__________(invent)thetelephone.•Sheissaid________(write)abook,butIdon’tknowwhenshewillfinishit.•Theyaresaidto_________(work)inTibetfor20years.tobecausednottomaketohaveinventedtobewritinghavebeenworking(3)感官动词see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等+do/doing/done/beingdone•使役动词have的用法？•have/getsthdone•havesthtodo---havesthtobedone•havesbdosth/getsbtodosth(4)行为动词do+but/otherthan/besides后面时，不定式todosth省略toIcandonothingbutwait.Idohavenochoicebuttowait.•Hedidnothingbut___(wander)onthestreet.•Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthan_____(wait).•Ican’tchoosebut________(laugh).注意：另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。六，不定式作状语(1)目的状语•Hesatdowntohavearest.•注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用inorderto或soastodosth•Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.Thebusstoppe