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Whatisgrammar?TheGrammarinPrimarySchool6Tenses1.PresentTense2.PastTense3.FutureTense4.PresentPrerfectTense5.PastPerfectTense6.PresentContinuousTense3subordinateclause1.ObjectClause2.AttributiveClause3.AbverbialClause宾语从句定语从句状语从句一般现在时一般过去式一般将来时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时6大时态3大从句Morphology1.Noun(n.)2.Pronoun(pron.)3.Numeral(num.)4.Adjective(adj.)5.Verb(v.)6.Adverb(adv.)7.Article(art.)8.Preposition(prep.)9.Conjuction(conj.)10.Interjection(interj.)名词代词数词形容词动词副词冠词介词连词感叹词SentencePatterns1.Imperative2.Exclamation3.Statement4.Question(DisjunctiveQuestion,GeneralQuestion)5.Therebe祈使句感叹句陈述句问句（反义疑问句，一般疑问句）Therebe句型5大句型10大词法PassiveVoice被动语态NounNoun↗↘ProperNounCommonNounIndividualNounsCollectiveNounsMassNouns/MaterialNounsAbstractNouns｛｝｝CountablenounUncountablenoun名词Noun专有名词ProperNouns普通名词CommonNouns个体名词IndividualNouns集体名词CollectiveNouns物质名词MassNouns抽象名词AbstractNouns可数名词CountableNouns不可数名词UncountableNounsProperNoun专有名词1.表示人名eg.MaryLiBaiMissZhang2.表示地名eg.ChinaLondonBeijingtheYellowRiver,Broadway3.某些人的名称eg.Americans,Russians,Democrats,Jews4.某些抽象事物的名称eg.English,Christianity,NATO5.月份、周日以及节日名称eg.May,Saturday,Easter,NewYear'sDay6.书名、电影及诗歌的名称eg.ATaleofTwoCities,Gonewiththewind7.对家人等的称呼eg.Mum,Dad,Aunt一、第一个字母必须大写二、专有名词前一般不加冠词三、姓氏是专有名词，一般没有复数形式，而且也不能加定冠词the。但是，当姓氏的前面加定冠词the，在后面加上-s，表示一家人。theSmiths史密斯一家人TheBlackshavemovedhouse.布莱克一家已经搬走了。四、有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式，但是在实际使用中谓语动词通常采用单数形式。例如：theUnitedStates美国TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。这里把theUnitedUnions看成一个整体。特点归纳一、找出下列名词中的专有名词ChinaboyfamilyJimAmericanapplesisterTheGreatWallLiuMeiChinaJimAmericanTheGreatWallLiuMeiPracticeIndividualNouns个体名词fatherroomcomputerstudentteacherclockpencilCollectiveNouns集体名词Familyaudiencepolicecommunity社区crew船员gang一伙人navy海军jury审判团teamgroupYouth年轻人集体名词中1.有的是可数名词，如：family家庭group小组team队police警察2.有的是不可数名词，如：clothing衣服furniture家具集体名词的注意事项：1.有的集体名词通常用作复数形式。如：Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.警察正在盘问房间里的每一个人。Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilk,beef,andhides.家牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。2.有的集体名词可以用作单数形式，也可以用作复数形式。比如说family这个词，如果把family看成家庭成员，谓语用复数。如果把family看成一个整体，谓语用单数：Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.他的家人正在等他。（把family看成家庭成员）I'vegottomakeitclearthatmyfamilywasverypoor.我得说清楚，我的家是很穷的。（把family看成一个整体）3.有的集体名词只能用作单数形式。这类词汇属不可数名词。如：Ourclothingprotectsusfromcold.衣服保护我们免受寒冻。Thenthefurniturewasmovedin.然后家具被搬进来。常见的同类词汇有：mankind人类foliage叶子；植物machinery机械merchandise货物MassNouns物质名词woodbeerjamsandoiljellyinkcoffeewaterwineAbstractNouns抽象名词loverespectgrowthdesigneconomylabourtimesilencemarriagesleeplonelinessfinancedemocracy普通名词普通名词个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体。studentteachercarpandaaunt集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体。familypoliceclassarmyaudiencecompany物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或事物waterteacheesecoalironjuiceperfume抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念。musicloveyouthbeautyreligionsecurity注意啦！个体名词、集合名词可数名词物质名词、抽象名词不可数名词armybeercommunitymagicsauceaudiencedutygovernmenticebateria(pl.)soapjellyagewoodclothfurteamlovemeatpolicefreedomribbonoilyouthteagroupwaterpatienceExercisepandaapartment•二、辨别名词的种类，根据表格填词。classChinabookfamilyboyMondayfire火peopleEnglishJimicelovemilk普通名词个体名词集合名词物质名词抽象名词专有*名词*PracticeSpecialWordsMassNounsglasscoppertin锡paperironwoodgoldIndividualNounsaglass玻璃杯acopper铜币atin罐头apaper报纸、论文、证件aniron熨斗awood树林agold金牌AbstractNounsyouth青春relation关系authority权威power力量necessity必要性democracy民主pleasure高兴、愉快beauty美IndividualNounsayouth青年人arelation亲属anauthority权威人士apower大国anecessity必需品ademocracy民主国家apleasure使人感到愉快的事abeauty美人，美的东西可数名词CountableNouns一.从形式上分名词分为可数名词，不可数名词1.可数名词（1）可数名词是指可以一个一个或一件一件数的人或物，它有单数和复数两种形式。（2）可数名词的单复数形式规则变化A.直接加sbikes,cups,bags,girlsB.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加esclasses,boxes,brushes.C.以f，fe结尾，去掉f，fe变为veswolves,wivesD.辅音字母+y结尾，将y变为iescities,factoriesE.元音字母+y结尾，直接加sdays,boys,toys,keysE.以o结尾，以辅音字母加-o结尾的词,在词尾加-esheroes,tomatoes以元音字母加-o结尾的词在词尾加-s.pianos,radios不规则变化A.单复数形式不同man-menwoman-womenchild-childrentooth-teethfoot-feetmouse-miceB.单复数一致的Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,aircraft,goldfish,fishhair头发hairs几根头发fruit水果fruits不同种类的水果fish/fishes鱼fishes不同种类的鱼C.通常只有复数形式的Trousers,glasses,stairs,pants,jeans,shorts,pajamas,scissors,fireworks,earphones,goods,brains复合名词改成复数形式一.在词尾加-s或-es1.主体名词在词末bedroom→bedrooms卧室toothbrush→toothbrushes牙刷greenhouse→greenhouses温室letter-box→letter-boxes信箱2.没有主体名词go-between→go-betweens中间人break-in→break-ins闯入has-been→has-beens过时的人、过时的物forget-me-not→forget-me-nots勿忘草hand-me-down→hand-me-downs旧衣二.在主体名词词尾加-s或-esson-in-law→sons-in-law女婿editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编辑commander-in-chief→commanders-in-chief总司令passer-by→passers-by过路人vice-premier→vice-premiers副总理三.两个构成部分都要变成复数形式awomancook→womencooks女厨师amannurse→mennurses男护士有关名词可数性的三个易错点：1.abread,twobreads(X)aloafofbread,twoloavesofbread(√)2.paper(uncountablenouns)newspaper(countablenouns)water(uncountablenouns)tear(countablenouns)3.aim表示“目的”时是可数名词，表示“瞄准”时是不可数名词；瞄准，对准（指技巧或动作)Youraimisyourskilloractioninpointingaweaponorotherobjectatitstarget.experience经验时不可数，表示“经历”时则可数；fortune，当它表示“运气”和“财产”时不可数，当它表示“命运”时就可数。一、写出下列名词的复数形式1.orange2.class3.text4.monkey5.piano6.child7.shelf8.bed9.country10.family11.toy12.foot13.Japanese14.radio15.photo16.army17.tomato18.fox19.woman20.knife22.sheepEXERCISE3.T