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1TheSkillsofRationalCloze-(withoutgivenwords)Learningaims:1.Toknowthewayofsettingblanksinrationalcloze2.Toknowthecommontestpointsinrationalcloze（focusontheblankswithoutgivenwords）-（importantpoints）3.Tocommandtheskillsofrationalcloze（focusontheblankswithoutgivenwords）-（difficultpoints）Step1:Thewayofsettingblanksinrationalcloze在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Therewasonceafarmer1.______hadafineoliveorchard(果园).Hewasveryhardworking,andthefarmwasalwaysgoingwellinhiscare.Whenthefarmerfeltthathehad2.____limitedlife,he3._______(call)hissonstohimandsaid,“Thereisapotofgold4.________(hide)intheoliveorchard.Digforit,ifyouwishforit.”Afterthefarmerwas5.______(die),histhreesonswent6._______(find)thepotofgold;sincetheydidnotknowwherethehiding-placewas,theyagreedtodiguntiloneof7._______(they)foundthegold.Theyduguntiltheyhadturnedthesoilupfromoneendoftheorchard8._______theother.Butnopotofgoldwasfound.Thethreesonswere9.__________(extreme)disappointedtohavealltheirworkfornothing.Thenextoliveseason,thetreestherebore10.______(much)fruitsthantheyhadevergiven;whenitwassold,itgavethemawholepotofgold.Theysuddenlyunderstoodwhatthewisefatherhadmeant.Step2:Thecommontestpointsinrationalcloze（focusontheblankswithoutgivenwords）考点1：介词（preposition）考查的重点是简单介词的基本用法；同时，也考查固定搭配中的介词。2Eg.Thoughsheisagirl,sheisinterestedinbasketball.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchas…(2017全国卷一)1.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand____work.(2017全国卷二)2.Mostofusaremorefocused____ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.(2016全国卷二)3._____agoodeducation,heeasilyfoundagoodjob.考点2：冠词（article）不定冠词(a/an)指“任何一个”，还指“每一”等。定冠词(the)表示特指，如thesame,thetop;还用于序数词或形容词的最高级前。Eg.Itwasmid-afternoonandIhadbeenlisteningtotheradioandreadingabook.4.（2015.全国2）Theadobedwellings(土坯房)builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven______mostofarchitectsandengineers.5.As____result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017全国卷一)6.However,whetheryouconsiderdancetobe____artorasport,theimportantthingistoenjoyit!考点3：连接词（conjunction）此处的连接词包括：各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether,if,that)，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词；连接并列的单词、短语或句子的并列连词。(如and,but,or,while,so等）Eg.Theirrapidpaceenablesthemtoattackhumanswithoutwarning,whichiswhythesharksaresodangerous.37.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,____isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017全国卷一)8.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____IwasthefirstwesternTVreporter…(2016全国卷一)9.（2014.全国1）Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays_____evenafewmonths.考点4：代词（pronoun）主要考查it作指示代词的用法；还考查it作形式主语和形式宾语的用法。注意纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词。Eg.Ithinkitimportanttohaveabalanceddiet.10.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25000peoplewereusing____everyday.(2017全国卷二)Step3:Summary（focusontheblankswithoutgivenwords）1.分析句子，确定词性。2.根据句意，确定填什么词。①句子缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。②名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词或者some/other等限定词。③句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语，在名词或代词前面，应该用介词。④若两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词也没有句号，应该用连词。Step4:Practice(Fillintheblanks)1.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover____top.(2017全国卷二)2.IcansendamessagetoKenwheneverIwantto,and_______getstherealmostinasecond.43.（2015.全国1）ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway________carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.4.Thescienceinstitutespendsabout3.5milliondollarseveryyear_______robotresearch.5.（2015.广东）Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass_______itbegantorainheavily.6.（2015.全国1）I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.7.Thehouse________windowsarebrokenisempty.8.（2015.全国2）Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_______thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.9.WhenIwas14yearsold,Iwasdraggedbymybestfriendtoanafter-schooldanceclass,______IenjoyedsomuchthatIhavebeendancingeversince.Step5:Homework(Fillinthepassage)Doyoueverthrowawayfoodathome?Haveyoueverthoughtabout1.______happenstothefood2.___________shopsandsupermarketsdon’tsell?Well,youmightbeshockedtofindoutthatapproximatelyonethirdoffoodproducedforhumanconsumptiongetswasted.What’smore,around800millionpeopleintheworlddonothaveenoughfoodtolead3.______healthylife.ManypeopleintheUKaretryingtodosomethingaboutthisimbalanceandmakeuse4.______thrown-outfoodthatisedible(可以吃的).5.______example,thereisacaféinLeeds6.______mealsarecreatedusingunsoldfoodfromsupermarkets,includingalotofvegetables,fruit,fishandotheritems.Thisunwantedfoodisturned7.______delicioussoupsthatfeedthehungrypeopleofLeeds.Customerssimplypay8.______theycanafford,orhelpwiththewashingup.MorecafeslikethisarebeingopenedinotherpartsoftheUKsuch9.______BristolandManchester,anditisnowbecomingaworldwidephenomenon.Thisis10.______amazingprojectasfoodwasteisoneof5theworld’sbiggestproblems.Also,newlawsshouldbeadopted,sothatsupermarkets