建设工程造价控制措施

党的基层组织建设有了新突破，党的作风建设有了新加强，为全镇发展经济、提高人民生活永平提供了坚实基础和强大动力carriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...C.weldingelbowshouldbenotlessthan1.5timesthepipediameter.D.Presselbowshouldbenotsmallerthantheoutsidediameterofthepipe.浅谈建设工程造价控制措施摘要：本文作者结合实际工作经验，介绍了建设工程造价的基本程序，分析了在建设工程各个阶段做好造价控制的措施。关键词：建设工程；造价控制；措施abstract:combinedwiththeauthor’spracticalworkexperience,thispaperintroducestheconstructioncostbasicprocedures,andanalyzestheconstructionprojectcostcontrolmeasuresateachstage.keywords:constructionproject;costcontrol;measure中图分类号tu723.3文献标识码：a文章编号：2095-2104（2012）工程造价的控制是工程建设科学管理的重要组成部分，它贯穿于建设项目的决策、设计、施工、竣工验收等全过程全阶段。由于工程造价的大额性、差异性、动态性、层次性及兼容性，使得工程造价的控制显得尤为复杂也尤为重要。实际上，只要以工程合同为依据，围绕降低工程成本这个目标，从预算和实际成本两方面，在保证工程质量的情况下，合理组织、优化实施，努力挖掘增收节支潜力，就能获得最大的经济效益。1建设工程造价的基本程序1.1工程设计阶段，设计单位应依据各项设计规范要求，根据项目实际特点、业主的特殊需要和设计合同的规定，优化比选最佳方案，并努力将概算控制在拟定的估算范围内。1.2工程招标阶段，根据初步设计图纸编制投资预算。党的基层组织建设有了新突破，党的作风建设有了新加强，为全镇发展经济、提高人民生活永平提供了坚实基础和强大动力carriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplacement;guaranteedundervariousconditions,stressarewithintheallowedrange.Strength,stiffness,andmeetrequirementstopreventvibrationandsoothingwater,withoutaffectingtheadjacentequipmentmaintenanceandotherpipinginstallationandexpansion.D.equipmentconnectedtotheinterfacetomeetpipelinethrust(torque)limitrequirements;increasethestabilityofpipingsystemstopreventpipeline...C.weldingelbowshouldbenotlessthan1.5timesthepipediameter.D.Presselbowshouldbenotsmallerthantheoutsidediameterofthepipe.1.3工程实施阶段，通过施工合同单价，进行施工价款计量。1.4竣工验收阶段，全面汇集竣工结算资料，编制竣工结算。2有效控制工程造价的措施2.1在项目建设前期设计阶段必须实行监理制度通过设计过程的监理，并积极推行“限额设计”方法，使设计文件趋于合理，造价控制在限额范围内，真正做到用最小的投入取得最大的产出。从设计阶段就有效地控制了整个项目的造价。为使“限额设计”达到预期目的，应该做到参与设计的人员必须是有经验、懂技术经济的设计师，设计成果必须是实用、先进而且造价合理。设计阶段控制工程造价的另一方面必须从技术满足现行规范要求，尽最大努力减少投资角度进行多方案比选，以选出经济、适用、合理的设计方案，达到控制投资的目的。2.2有效地控制工程造价，应从多方面采取措施从组织上采取措施就是明确项目组织结构，明确造价控制者及其任务，以使各部分的造价有专人负责；并且做到各司其责。从技术上采取措施就是严格检查、监督各阶段设计，用技术经济观点审查设计方案；从经济上采取措施就是动态地比较造价计划值与实际值，严格审核各项费用支出，并对工程实体、施工组织、资源配置、时空分布等进行合理优化组合。2.3工程实施过程中的造价控制是十分重要的造价工程师应该全面地掌握和运用招投标文件、合同协议书及有关设计、施工文件。以合理的工程量清单为依据，抓住计量支付这个党的基层组织建设有了新突破，党的作风建设有了新加强，为全镇发展经济、提高人民生活永平提供了坚实基础和强大动力carriedout;4)forspringhangers(includedsimplespring,hangersandconstantsupporthangers)itshouldalsoberecognizedassettingandlockingofloads.5)checkthesurfacequality,foldedlayeringandwithoutcracks,rustandotherdefects.5)aftercompletionofthetestandcontroldrawingnumberonebyone,byseriesbaled.Coloralloysteelparts,thepartsmarkinginstallationlocationandrotationaboutthedirectionyouwant.7.3.14.hangersinstallation7.3.14.1hangerlayouta.acleardesignofhangershouldbeinstalledstrictlyinaccordancewiththedrawingsanddesignsshallnotbeinstalledwrong,missing,etc.B.ownarrangementofpipingsupportandhangersetandselectionshouldbebasedoncomprehensiveanalysisofgenerallayoutofpipingsystems;coldinstallationofsteampipewithparticularattentionreservedforcompensationofthermalexpansiondisplacementandorientation.C.supportsystemsshouldberationaltowithstandpipeloads,staticloadandincidentalload;reasonablepipingdisplace