初中英语句子种类讲解

英语句子种类按句子的结构分为三种:简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)(一).简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语):1.Tomlikesrockmusic.2.TomandJohnarefondofrockmusic.3.Tomsatdownathisdeskandbegantodohishomework.▲▲简单句的五种基本句型1._________________________Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Helooksprettyhappytoday.★高考经常考查的系动词:1.“变得”______,_______,_______,_______,_____...2.“看起来”______,______,______“闻起来”______“尝起来”_____“摸起来”______“听起来”_____主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)getbecometurngogrowlookseemappearsmelltastefeelsound★系动词的用法:(注意三点)+___________作表语;无__________;无__________;e.g.Thedish________________.(尝起来好吃)Thestory_______________.(听起来有趣).adj.宾语被动语态tastesdelicioussoundsinteresting2.________________Ourchalkhasrunout.Onhearingthenews,hecheered.★高考经常考查的不及物动词（或短语）:“发生”__________;__________;__________;____________________“用完,用光”________;________.....★不及物动词的用法:无__________,无_________主语+谓语(S+V)happenoccurtakeplacecomeaboutbreakoutrunoutgiveout宾语被动语态e.g.1.“过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的变化”Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchangesinthelastfewyears.________________________________________________________.2.Doyouknowwhatwashappenedyesterday?(改错)(×)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthelastfewyears.＼3._____________________WearehavinganEnglishclass.MrWangwillattendthelecture.4.________________________IteachyouEnglish.Heofferedmehisseat.5.________________________Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Iheardthemcheeringinthenextroom.Isawthewindowbroken.主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)主语+谓语+间宾+直宾(S+V+O1+O2)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+O+C)请说出下列句子类型:1.Summeriscoming.2.Theywon’tletmego.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.SheknowsFrench.5.Thegassmellsterrible.S+ViS+V+O+CS+V+O1+O2S+V+OS+V+P(二)并列句(compoundsentence):把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。常用并列连词平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both….and….,notonly….butalso….,neither….nor….but,while,yetfor,soor请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Ican’taffordit.Hewastired,sohewenttobed.Thedressisreallybeautiful,butIcan’taffordit.3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.Maryiscooking,and/whileJohnisgreetingguests.4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers.1.Henotonlyworkshardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.2.Notonlydoesheworkhardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.(三）复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.Bythetimehearrived,1wehadalreadyleft.2请指出该复合句的主句和从句:从句主句在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1.____________2._____________3._____________主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句指出下列各从句的类型：Ihopethateverythingisallright.ShewasreadingthenewspaperwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Itiswell-knownthatthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheldonAugust8th.Asisknowntoall,the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinaboutfourmonths.主语从句定语从句Iwanttoliveinaplacewheretheairisfresh.Iwanttolivewheretheairisfresh.定语从句状语从句请把句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。I’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(时间状语从句)I’llgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.assoonas★themoment★theminute★immediatelyItissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.(结果状语从句)Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Suchabigboxisitthatnobodycanmoveit.Itissobigaboxthatnobodycanmoveit.Thedressisbeautiful.Ican’taffordit.(让步状语从句)Although/Thoughthedressisbeautiful,Ican’taffordit.Beautifulasthedressis,Ican’taffordit.按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1）陈述句（DeclarativeSentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）2）疑问句（InterrogativeSentences）：提出问题。有以下四种：a.一般疑问句（GeneralQuestions）：Canyoufinishtheworkintime?你能按时完成工作吗？b.特殊疑问句（WQuestions;HQuestions）：Wheredoyoulive?你住那儿？Howdoyouknowthat?你怎么知道那件事？c.选择疑问句（AlternativeQuestions）：Doyouwantteaorcoffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡？d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?他不认识她，对不对？3）祈使句（ImperativeSentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：Sitdown,please.请坐。Don'tbenervous!别紧张！4）感叹句（ExclamatorySentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊！祈使句结构祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。Takethisseat.Dobecareful.否定结构：Don'tmove.Don'tbelate.2）第二种祈使句以let开头。Let的反意疑问句a.Let's包括说话者Let'shaveanothertry，shallwe/shan'twe?=Shallwehaveanothertry?b.Letus不包括说话者Letushaveanothertry，willyou/won'tyou?=Willyoupleaseletushaveanothertry?否定结构：Let'snottalkofthatmatter.Letusnottalkofthatmatter.感叹句结构感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What+名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序Howcleveraboyheis!Howlovelythebabyis!Whatnoisetheyaremaking!Whatacleverboyheis!感叹句的省略形式为：Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!Whatcoldweather（itis）!Whatacleverboy(heis)!典型例题1）___foodyou‘vecooked!A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.Whatnice2）___terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa3)---_____Ihad!---Youreallysufferedalot.A.WhatatimeB.WhattimeC.HowatimeD.howtime强调句结构常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.1）Itwaslastnight___Iseethecomet.A.thetimeB.whenC.thatD.which2）Itistenyears___MissGreenreturnedtoCanada.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as反意疑问句1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren'tI.I'mastallasyo