怀孕母猪的饲喂..

PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™种猪群的营养和管理怀孕母猪的饲喂PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™“母猪”饲喂方案•怀孕母猪和小母猪应该限料饲喂。•但是，要记住两个关键要点：1)在怀孕和整个生命过程中母猪的体重应该持续增加。2)母猪必须有一定量的肌体储备（背膘），不然无法再配种。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™“母猪”饲喂方案•怀孕:–小母猪–母猪–非常瘦的母猪•稳定的营养水平或者配种—90天和90天—产仔PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™高产母猪连续胎次增重目标配种时体重，公斤胎次产窝仔数母体增重，公斤总增重，公斤1251103553-581502113555-601753122547-521904122042-472005121540-452106111335-382187101130-34PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™推荐每日能量和赖氨酸摄入量胎次建议净增重，公斤消化能，千卡/天总赖氨酸，克/天1357,19012.32357,65012.53257,60012.34207,52511.9PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™胎次建议净增重，公斤消化能，千卡/天总赖氨酸，克/天5157,38011.56137,33511.47117,34511.1每日能量和赖氨酸推荐摄入量PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™怀孕期间的饲喂管理•偏瘦和非常瘦的母猪–如果小母猪/母猪在哺乳期间体重损失很大（肌体储备/背膘），饲料采食量就要相应大量增加。•过多的体蛋白的损耗还会导致母猪返情的推迟，如果体重损耗太大可能导致母猪不再发情。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™母猪体况评分实例图瘦中良肥PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™12345最适宜的3.0–3.5至少2.0平均背膘厚度:mm1011-1516-1819-2222+妊娠猪的体况评分标准PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™评估母猪体况目标是，各胎次母猪分娩时的P2背膘厚都应为18-19毫米（最多22毫米）。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™妊娠母猪体况评分和背膘厚的关系肥4.03.53.02.52.0瘦1.513.5(12-15)14(10-21)10.9(9-14)9.0(4-15)9.7(6-17)7.0(6-8)20.0(19-21)18.9(12-28)16.5(11-28)14.6(10-18)14.0(9-19)13.5(9-18)21.6(17-29.5)19.8(15-29.5)17.1(11-27)15.6(8-24)13.9(8-22)14.1(12-15.5)P2背膘厚(毫米)猪场A猪场B猪场C体况评分平均(范围)平均(范围)平均(范围)猪群总平均10.7(4-21)16.2(9-28)17.6(8-29.5)3.0分10.9(9-14)16.5(11-28)17.1(11-27)PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™评估体况•评估母猪体况的最佳时间是在配种时、怀孕35-40天、怀孕90天和断奶时。•背膘测量结果应登记在母猪信息表，用来确定采食量。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™评估体况•母猪所需的保持配种时体况分在2.5-3.0的基础喂料量（采食量）很大程度上取决于日粮中的能量和氨基酸（蛋白质质量）水平。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™麸皮对怀孕期间的采食量的影响日采食量，公斤麸皮,%小母猪2-4胎5-7胎02.162.273.22102.242.342.29152.272.382.32202.302.422.36252.352.462.40PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™调整采食量•营养需求量（采食量）根据母猪的体况差异相当大。•小母猪第1次配种时125公斤+母体增重35公斤，在第2次配种时体重约150公斤。•在哺乳期间体重下降20公斤–必须在下次配种前恢复20公斤体重，或者–在下次怀孕期间多增重20公斤(增重55公斤，而不是35公斤)。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™调整采食量•在怀孕期间母猪多增重5公斤就需要多吃125克的饲料。–如果她在哺乳期间体重损耗10公斤，那么在下一个怀孕阶段就需要多采食250克饲料/天。体重损耗15-20公斤后的体况分相当于2，损耗25公斤以上的体况分相当于1。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™为恢复肌体储备在怀孕期间的最低采食量平均P2背膘厚度，毫米到怀孕65天时所需增加P2背膘厚度，毫米在达到背膘目标每天最低采食量，公斤8–1183.45(10,350kcalDE)12–1542.87(8,610kcalDE)16-1802.26(6,780kcalDE)a以含20%麸皮的玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础计算（DE3000千卡/公斤）PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™怀孕期间的饲喂管理•母猪从断奶到产仔可考虑分为4个阶段，可能需要不同的饲喂策略：PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™怀孕期间的饲喂管理•阶段1：断奶到配种•该阶段用来评估哺乳期间饲喂的效果，设定肌体恢复的目标。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™怀孕期间的饲喂管理•阶段2：配种—配种后5天•怀孕前期，关系到胚胎的存活和植入•这段时期的饲喂会对胚胎植入子宫壁上起决定性作用。胚胎着床失败是受精卵和产仔数间潜在损失的重要原因。一些研究表明。低饲料水平（后备母猪大约1.8kg，经产母猪2.1kg）能有效提高胚胎存活率。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™怀孕期间的饲喂管理•另一项研究表明：授精后5天内时很重要的。如果母猪仍保持良好的体况，即2.5-3.0分时，这段时期的饲喂方法是减少饲喂量至到妊娠21天。但对体况差的猪应提高饲料水平。PPT条例建议体况评分为2分时每天饲喂2.8kg。体况评分为1很时每天饲喂3.4kg，这样持续60天到第二次体况评分，可以保证瘦母猪获得体况恢复，在分娩时达到所需要的体况。PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™怀孕期间的饲喂管理•阶段3：配种后5天—配种后90天•在这段妊娠期的目的是通过调整饲喂水平来保证母猪分娩时有合适的体况•饲喂量为后备母猪2.1kg，经产母猪2.3kg,母猪的评分为2时的饲喂量为2.8kg/天，评分为1分的饲喂量为3.4kg/天。采用半分制评分时，饲料的调节将更灵敏更准确PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™•PICCHINA•Thebetterporkpeople™怀孕期间的饲喂管理•阶段4：配种后90天到110天•胎儿的快速生长和乳腺生长期–建议无论小母猪还是母猪，应采食95