人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理及练习1.officialadj.官方的;正式的;公务的e.g.Therewillbeanofficialinquiryintothematter.将对这件事进行正式调查。【拓展】official或officer两者都有官员的意思,但是所指不同。official常指政府官员或行政官员officer常指身特定制服的官员,如军官或者警官等。【练习】Myfatherisan________inthearmy,whilehisfatherisan________inthegovernment.2.voyagen.航行;航海;航天辨析:voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour1)voyage:去国外或较远地方的海上旅行makeavoyage进行一次航行e.g.ColumbussucceededinmakingavoyagetoAmericain1942.2)journey:指较远的从一地到另一地旅行,距离较远,多指陆地e.g.TheywillmakeajourneytoBeijingbytrain.3)travel:一系列的旅程,泛指旅游e.g.Wehadsixdays’travelbycar.4)trip:(短途)旅行e.g.TheGreenswilltakeaweekendtriptotheGreatWall.5)tour:为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行e.g.WewillmakeatourofHainannextweek.【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).Itistiringtotakealong_______bytrainfromParistoMoscow.2).The_________fromEnglandtoAustraliausedtotakeseveralmonths.3).We’llhavetimefora______toFrancenextweekend.4).Wewentonaguided______roundthecastle.3.becauseof因为;由于e.g.Theyareherebecauseofus.他们是因为我们来这里的。[短语归纳]becauseof是复合介词。because是从属连词,引导原因状语从句。[练习]Hecamelatetoschoolagain_______hegotuptoolate.Thegirlcried__________whattheteachersaid.Wehavetocancelourtrip_________thebadweather.becauseof的近义词组thanksto因为;由于asaresultof由于…的原因byreasonof因为dueto因为,由于owingto归功于…Thankstohishelp,Ifinishedthetaskontime.多亏了他的帮助,我按时完后了任务。Ihadtostayathomeduetotheweather.由于天气原因我只能呆在家里。4.nativeadj.本国的;本土的n.本地人,本国人e.g.Finally,shereturnedtohernativeland.ThepandaisanativeofChina.熊猫原产于中国。【注意】native做形容词用时,只能做前置定语。benativeto意为(动植物)是…特有的,原产于…e.g.ThetigerisnativetoIndia.5.comeup走近;上来;提出e.g.Thelittlecameuptothestrangerandshowedhimhowtogettothepolicestation.[短语归纳]comeacross邂逅偶遇comeabout发生comeat向…扑来,攻击comefrom来自comeout出版;开花;结果是comeupwith想出cometrue实现comedown下来;传承[练习]用come构成的词组填空。1).Thehunterwalkedacrosstheforestwhensuddenlyabear_______him.2).Themagazine__________onceamonth.3).Iwishyoucan___________toEnglandonyourholiday.4).Theengineershas______________newwaysofsavingenergy.5).They___________anoldschoolfriendinthestreetthismorning.6.actuallyadv.实际上;事实上(=infact/asamatteroffact)e.g.Helookedcalm,butactuallyhewasverynervous.【其他】actuallyadv.居然;竟然e.g.Heactuallyexpectedmetopayfortheticket.他竟然指望我给他付票钱。actualadj.实在的;实际的e.g.Whatwerehisactualwords?他到底怎么说的?7.basevt.以…为基础basesthonsth以某事物为另一事物的根据或基础bebasedon以…为基础e.g.Oneshouldalwaysbaseone’sopinionsonfacts.Thestoryisbasedonfacts.n.基础;基地;anairbase空军基地8.atpresent现在,目前presentn.礼物adj.在场的;目前的vt.赠送e.g.Themountainbikeisabirthdaypresentfrommyparents.IamafraidIcan’thelpyouatpresent.[重点用法]atpresent=atthepresenttime=now目前,现在bepresentat出席;到场(反义:beabsentfrom)presentsb.withsth.=presentsth.tosb.把某物送给某人【注意】present作为adj.“现在的;当前的”讲时,常做前置定语;而做“出席的,到场的”讲时,常做后置定语。e.g.Hedoesn’tknowhowtodealwiththepresentproblem.Thepeoplepresentatthemeetingareadvancedworkers.9.gradualadj.逐渐的,逐步的→graduallyadv.逐渐地,逐步地e.g.Thingsgraduallyimproved.情况已经渐渐地改善。Thisisagradualchangeinhisattitudetowardshisstepmother.10.especially/speciallyespecially意思是“尤其,特别”,表达事物的不寻常或特别重要specially指为了某一目的,专门做某事【练习】1).Ourcityisverybeautiful,___________inspring.2).Hecamehere___________toaskyouforhelp.11.makeuseof利用;使用[短语归纳]use前可加形容词,表示不同程度的利用。makegooduseof好好利用makefulluseof充分利用makethebest/mostof充分利用useup用尽,耗尽e.g.Youarenotmakingthebest(use)ofyourtalents.12.latteradj.较后的;后半的;后者的e.g.Shelivedahardlifeinthelatterpartofherlife.【注意】thelatter(已提到的两者中的)后者,通常与theformer(前者)相对应Theyaretwochoicesforus.Manyboyssupportthefarmer,butIfavorthelatter.13.suchas例如;像这种的辨析:suchas/forexample/thatis/andsoon(1)suchas用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间,且其后不用逗号,直接跟所列举的事物,可与like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和,否则就用thatis或namely。(2)forexample主要用于举例说明,其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末(suchas只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)thatis相当于namely,它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)andsoon对几个事物进行列举时,在说了其中的几个以后,用...andsoon进行概括,说明还有例子,但不一一列出了。【练习】(1)Mydaughterstudiesfoursubjectsinschool,____________,Chinese,maths,EnglishandP.E.(2)Overcooking(烹饪过度),____________,destroysmanynutrients(营养素).(3)Hecanspeaksomeotherlanguages,____________FrenchandGerman.(4)Therearesomebooks,pens,erasers____________inmybag.14.frequentadj.频繁的;常见的e.g.Hisvisitbecamelessfrequentastimepassed.frequentlyadv.常常;频繁地Busesrunfrequentlyfromthecitytotheairport.公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。15.usagen.使用;用法;词语惯用法e.g.It’snotawordincommonusage.这不是一个常用词。【辨析】use和usage作为名词,两者都有“使用”之意,但是用法略有不同。usage做“用法”讲的时候,侧重某物的使用方法或惯用法,做“使用,利用”的时候,侧重于事物的使用频率。use做名词用时,意为“用,使用,得到利用”,强调的是某物“被使用的事实或状态”。currentEnglishusage当代英语惯用法landusage土地的利用Iamnotsurethatisthemostvaluableuseofmytime.我不能肯定我的时间这样安排是最有价值的。【例题】Idon’tknowthe_____oftheword.Thechurchwasbuiltinthetwelfthcenturyandisstillin_____today.16.commandn.&v.命令;指令;掌握[重点用法]commandsb.todosth命令某人做某事beunderthecommandof由…指挥,由…控制incommandof控制…beatone’scommand听任某人支配have/takecommandof…指挥…[特别提醒]command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气should(not)+动词原形,should可省略e.g.Thegeneralcommandedthatwe(should)attackatonce.[练习]用适当的介词填空1).Forthefirsttimeinyears,shefelt______commandofherlife.2).Thearmyis__________theking’sdirectcommand.3).Thepolicearrivedandtookcommand________thesituation.17.requestn.&v.请求;要求[重点用法]attherequestofsb.=atone’srequest按照某人的要求/请求inrequest有需求,受欢迎byrequest依照请求,应邀requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事(被动形式:sbberequested