Nonverbal_Communication

NonverbalCommunication.2012Apr.19thGroup10.周以帖何芬娟秋懿婷孔雯昭Interculculturalcommunicationlist定义作用意义形式障碍差异进步方法相关文献LISTDefinitionFunctionsFormsSignificanceBarriersCulturaldifferencesWaystoimproveRelatedstudies&ReferencesNonverbalcommunicationisaprocessinwhichcommunicatorsusethenaturalfeaturesoftheirbodiestodeliverinformationandexpressspecificmeaninginstinctivelytotheothercommunicator.DefinitionNonverbalCommunicationNonspokensymbolSpecificmessageIntentional（有意的）useBy何芬娟SignificanceSilenceisgold.First,nonverbalbehavioraccountsformuchofthemeaningwegetfromconversations.Second,nonverbalbehaviorissignificantbecauseitspontaneously(自然地)reflectsthesubconsciousness（潜意识）.Athirdreasonthatnonverbalcommunicationissignificantisthatwecannotavoidcommunicating.By何芬娟FunctionsRepeatingComplementingContradictingSubstitutingRegulatingBy何芬娟帖以周By帖以周By•generalappearanceanddress•Facialexpressions•bodymovementsandposture•gestures•eyecontact•touch•space•voiceBy周以帖•generalappearanceanddressMuslingirlsJapanesegirlsBy周以帖•FacialexpressionsInaChineseclassroomagirlwasaskedtoansweraquestion.Shestoodupandsmiled,withoutmakinganysound.WhenanAmericanisparkinghisbicycleandbicycleaccidentallyfallsover,hefeelsembarrassedathisawkwardness,andisquiteangeredandhumiliatedwhenChineseonlookerslaugh.Japanesemengosofarastohideanger,sorrowordisgustbylaughingorsmiling.By周以帖•bodymovementsandposture•Amanandawomanmetonthetrainplatform.Willthewomanaccepttheman’sgreetingfriendly?By周以帖•bodymovementsandpostureMan:•“halfsmile”expression•arelaxedposition•“snap”gesture•bodyorientationWoman:•“frowning”expression•“chinup”facialposition•“backing”posture•Legstogether•Feetpointinginwards•NO！！！！！！！By周以帖•posture•Inwesterncountries,peoplewhostandaremoreimportantthanthosewhosit(unlessthereisatablebetweenthem),becausetheformercouldcontrolthelatter.By周以帖•posture•InJapan,mutualbowingislargelydeterminedbyrank.•“bowingcontest”•Bendslightlytoone’sright•Becomingautomaticmovement,e.g.bowwhenmakingphonecallBy周以帖•gesturesBy周以帖•gesturesBy周以帖•eyecontact•Generallyspeaking,ifyoulookatyourpartner’seyesfromtimetotimewhilespeaking,you’llberegardedassociable,friendly,confidentandfrank.•Ifyouavoideyecontact,you’llberegardedascold,distant,unconfidentandnotinvolvedintheconversation.By周以帖•touch•Jourardsatincoffeeshopsinfourdifferentcities.Wheneverhesawpeopletouch,herecordedthetouch.Hisrecordsareasfollowed:@Sainthorn(PortoRico):180@Paris:102@Gynswere(Florida):2@London:0By周以帖•touchBy周以帖•space•Spaceincludesthepersonalspaceandterritoriality.（领土）•Animalsandhumanbeingsbothstakeouttodefendtheirterritories.•Theterritorialinvasionofacountrymayleadtothedeclarationofwar.Butpeopleasindividualsmaynotbesopugnacious(好斗的).•Amoretangible（明确的）formofcommunicationbetweenpeopleistheuseandcontrolofspace.By周以帖•spaceNorthAmericans’distancehabit•0~50cm:intimateloversandfamilymembers•50~120cm:friends(personaldistance)•120~270cm:acquaintances(socialdistance)•270cm:publicspace,notbelongtooneself•Behind:strangersspeakingfrombehindareallowedtostandmuchmorenearer.50Africans20AmericansBy周以帖•voice•TheEnglishalwaysspeakinlowervoicethanChinesewhentheymakespeechoralecture,ortalkingwitheachother,orphoning.ButChineseoftenspeakinloudvoiceintheaforesaidoccasions.•Americanaremoreskilledinregulatingtheirvoicevolumeanduseverymanydifferentvolumelevelsdependingonthesizeoftheaudienceandthephysicalenvironment.By秋懿婷婷懿秋ByBarriersLinguistic（语言的）LackofNon-verbalCues（提示）EmotionalTrauma（心灵创伤）External（外部的）NoiseListeningBarriersPerceptionBarriersOralBarriers……CulturalDifferencesBy秋懿婷Culturaldifferencescaninfluencethewayyouinterpretmessages.Forexample,someculturesbelievethatlackofeyecontactisasignofrespect.Otherculturesbelievethatlackofeyecontactisasymbolofinsincerity（无诚意）.CulturalDifferencesBy秋懿婷MeaningGesturecountriesyesShakingone’sheadBulgaria,partsofGreece,IranNoShakingone’sheadOthercountriesGreetfriendsKissonthecheekFranceRussiaAfirmhandshakeOthercountriesAlovinghugAbow/anodofheadInArabcountries,youeatusingthefingersofyourrighthand;thelefthandisnotusedatall.Isthereanythingwronginthepictures?Isthereanythingwronginthepictures?InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeetpointingatanotherperson.昭雯孔ByWaystoimprovePayattentiontoinconsistencies（矛盾）.Nonverbalcommunicationshouldreinforce（增强）whatisbeingsaid.Isthepersonissayingonething,andtheirbodylanguagesomethingelse?Lookatnonverbalcommunicationsignalsasagroup.Don’treadtoomuchintoasinglegestureornonverbalcue.Considerallofthenonverbalsignalsyouarereceiving,fromeyecontacttotoneofvoiceandbodylanguage.Takentogether,aretheirnonverbalcuesconsistent(一致的)—orinconsistent—withwhattheirwordsaresaying?Trustyourinstincts.Don’tdismissyourgutfeelings.Ifyougetthesensethatsomeoneisn’tbeinghonestorthatsomethingisn’taddingup,youmaybepickinguponamismatchbetweenverbalandnonverbalcues.Relatedstudies&ReferencesstudyauthorLarryA.Samovar&RichardE.Porter&LisaA.StefaniCommunicationbetweenCultures外语教学与研究出版社&汤姆森学习出版社，2000.胡文仲.交际与文化.外语教学与研究出版社,1994.顾嘉祖,陆升.语言与文化.上海外语教育出版社,1990.熊文华“.非语言交际理论在外语教学中的指导作用”.语言教学与研究,1986.郭忠才.外语教学中的非语言交际研究.四川外语学院学报,2