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现在完成时2017.11.24春天还会远吗?willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已经来了,Winterhasalreadycome,现在完成时态Winterhasalreadycome.现在完成时的构成形式havedonehas助动词过去分词助动词have/has可和前面的主语缩略为’ve,’s.如they’ve,we’ve,he’s,it’s;you’vehasnot=hasn’thavenot=haven’t过去分词的变化1、一般动词，在词尾加+edwork,plant,call2.以字母e结尾的动词，词尾加+dlive,change,like,love,agree,savehate,move,arrive,skate,hope,use3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写辅音字母＋ed.如：plan,stop,drop,fit(适合),prefer(更喜欢),travel4.以辅音字母＋y，结尾，变y为i＋edtry,study,carry,hurry,cry,worry,copy1.肯定句:主语+have/has(助动词）+过去分词+(其他）。2.否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+(其他）。3.一般疑问句Have/has+主语+过去分词?Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+have/hasn’t.用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系:动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿现在完成时的含义也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.--从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响Theyhaveleft.HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.和现在完成时连用的时间状语MeaningExamplealready已经Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.yet还（未）Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.never从不，从没Ihaveneverreadthisstory.ever曾经Haveyoueverwatchedthisfilm?recently最近WehavenotseenNancyrecently.just刚刚HehasjustseenNancy.for+时间段…时间ShelearnedEnglishfornineyears.since+时间点自从…Ihavenoteatenanythingsince9a.m.inthepast…在过去的…Hehaschangedalotinthepastthreeyears.1.Mr.BlackleftChinain1990.Mr.Black______________________Chinasince1990.2.Theherodiedfiveyearsago.Thehero__________________forfiveyears.3.Themeetingbegantwominutesago.Themeeting_________________fortwominutes.4.Weborrowedtwobookslastweek.We_______________thetwobooksforaweek.5.SallyjoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.Sally_______________theLeaguefortwoyears.hasbeenawayfromhasbeendeadhasbeenonhavekepthasbeenin延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。瞬间性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,,start,stop等。瞬间性的动词是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。比较延续性动词与瞬间性动词since用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for二、用since和for填空1.____twoyears2.____twoyearsago3.___lastmonth4.___19995.___yesterday6.__4o’clock7__4hours8.___anhourago9.___wewerechildren10.__lunchtime11.___shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing__theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim__wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese__threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity__abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__sheleftthecity.瞬间性动词例如come,go,leave等，不和表示延续性的时间状语连用，例如fortwohours或者是sincelastmonth。如果我们想用它们来表达延续性的状态，就要把他们转化成对应的延续性动词。VerbUsedforacontinuousstateExamplebuyhave/hashadHehashadthewatchforovertwoyears.borrowhave/haskeptShehaskeptthisbookfortwoweeks.arrivehave/hasbeenin/atKittyhasbeeninNanjingforamonth.leavehave/hasbeenawayShehasbeenawayfromhomefortenyears.joinhave/hasbeenin/amemberofSimonhasbeenamemberoftheFootballClubsincelastyear.diehave/hasbeendeadThefishhasbeendeadfortwodays.getmarriedhave/hasbeenmarriedTheyhavebeenmarriedformorethantwentyyears.come/gohave/hasbeenin/atMycousinhasbeeninBeijingforamonth.begin/starthave/hasbeenonThemeetinghasbeenonforhalfanhour.stophave/hasbeenoverTheconferencehasbeenoversincelastSunday.1.Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.他(曾经)到/去过上海[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]他已经去上海了[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了[现在还在上海没有离开呢]HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他在上海住过10年[现在不在上海了]辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别练习1.IlikeGuilin.I___theretwice.A.goB.wentC.havegoneD.havebeen此题