2010届高考英语动词不定式2

你身边的高考专家不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。watchTheInfinitivesubjectobjectpredictiveattributeadverbialcomplementTodothatsortofthingisfoolish.Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishitquicklyWefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Itseemstobeveryhappy.Itappearstobeveryangry.（2）InfinitiveasPredictive(表语)(Predictive)(Predictive)SheHeTheyseemsappearsseemed/appeareddoesn't/don’tseemdidnotappeartobeverycalm/well-known.tobeveryhappy/likeworkinghere.totakegreatprideinhis/her/theirwork.tohavealotofrelations.toenvytheking’swealth.Makesentencesfromthetable:3.object(宾语):一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。•Hehoped/wished/expectedtogoabroad.•Hepromisedtobuymeacomputer.一些动词要用wh-疑问词+不定式作宾语，常见的动词有decide,know,learn,wonder,understand,findout,remember,see等whattodo.howtodoit.Idon’tknowwho(m)toask/invite.whentostopwheretogo.不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如：but,except等后才行，此时不定式可带to或不带to.•Wehavenochoicebuttowaitoutside.•Theycoulddonothingbutaskforhelp.4.不定式短语作宾语补足语例：Theteacheraskedmetodoitagain.老师叫我再做一次。不定式短语todoit作宾语me的补足语。Iwillinvitehimtoplayandhavedinnerwithme.(宾补）InfinitiveasObjectComplement(Objectcomplement)Rewritethesentences,usingthewordsgiventoyou.1.“Whydon’tyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay?”Iencouragedher2.“Don’tforgettowearyourgloves.It’sfreezing.”Iremindedher3.“Youcan’ttaketheboxoftreasureaway.”Ididnotallowher4.“Whycan’ttheysingsomewell-knownsongs?”I’dpreferthem5.“Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem?I’llhelpyou.”.Ihelpedhimtoplaytheroleofqueenintheplay.towearherglovesasitwasfreezing.totaketheboxoftreasureawaytosingsomewell-knownsongs(to)understandthepoem.TheInfinitiveasobjectComplement英语中有些及物动词要跟复合宾语(宾+宾补),如allow,encourage,expect,help,prefer等带不定式作宾补.e.g.Yourparentsdon’tallowyoutoplaythecomputerTeachersencouragedstudentstospeakinEnglish.12Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相帮助是好的。例1：Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相帮助是好的。例2：Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.我发现了解他很困难。不定式短语tounderstandhim作真正宾语,it是形式宾语。•HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.•Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster.不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时,to要省略。如例1：Now,letmego.（go前省掉了to）例2：Isawherrunintotheclassroom.（run前的to省掉了）比较Shewasseentorunintotheclassroom.例1.Thefarmersdidn’tknowwhattodo.Thefarmersdidn’tknowwhattheyshoulddo.例2.Pleasetellmehowtogettothezoo.PleasetellmehowIcangettothezoo.adverbial(状语):•(1)表示目的【(not)to/(not)inorderto/soas(not)to】Weeattoliveanddon’tlivetoeat.•(2)表示结果(so/such…asto.,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto他这么傻竟相信了这事。Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.另外only常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的结果,如:Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.•不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willing…Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的”too…to…”结构中，”too”的含义为”very”，不定式没有否定含义。I’monlytoogladtostayathome.It’snevertoooldtolearn.(3)表示原因(a)不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,说明产生这种情况的原因,常见的形容词有:sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.6.不定式短语作定语例1：Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?这是帮他的最好办法吗？不定式短语tohelphim作way的后置定语。例2:Heisthemantodependon.他是可以依靠的人。不定式短语todependon作man的后置定语。注意:不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系;如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需有适当的介词。•attribute(定语):•不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面,以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如:chance,way,opportunity,time,thefirst,thelast,thesecond,theonly等词后,在havetodo和therebe句型中。e.g.•没有人可以照看他.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.•只有五种式样可供选择.Thereareonlyfivepairstochoosefrom.不定式在以下形容词后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。Thisquestionisdifficult_____(answer).Doyouthinkhimeasy_____(work)with?这时用主动形式表被动意思。Itisbeautifulmusictoenjoy.(定语)InfinitiveasAttribute(Attribute)Combinethesesentences1.Shethoughtofthisideafirst.(Shewasthefirstperson…)2.Weneedtoweightheflesh.(Let‘sfindsomething…)3.Isthereanythingyouwishtosay?(Whatdoyouhave…)4.Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow.(Thatwillbetheonlything…)ShewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheideaLet’sfindsomethingtoweightheflesh.Whatdoyouhavetosay?Thatwillbetheonlythingtodo.不定式的逻辑主语，在不定式前加for(of)sb.，如：例1.ItisimportantforustostudyEnglish.例2.Itisniceofyoutohelpme.不定式的否定形式只要在to前加not。如：例1.I’lltrynottobelate.例2.Tellhimnottomakeanynoise.不定式作独立成分。•Totell(you)thetruth,hedoesn’tagreewithyou.•Tobeginwith,Beijingisaverybeautifulcity.1.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.2.Wehavetogetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.3.Heisconsideredtobeagreatscientist.4.Toseeistobelieve.5.Ihavealotofwordstosay.6.It’simpossibleforhimtogoalone.7.Shepromisedtomakenomistakesatall.8.Ifinditdifficultt