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TOEFL写作整理首段写法：1．背景句：（1）定义法句型：适用于物做主题的句型。Topic,a/an+同位语（表本质）+定语从句，hasbecome/beenpopular/indispensable/essential/crucialinpeople’sdailylife(ineverycornerofpeople’slife).(hasaroused/attachedmuchattention/popularity)(2)背景法：适用于各种句型。a.Itisgenerally/commonly/universallyacknowledgedthat+主题+hasbecome/playedanimportant/significant/essential/indispensablerole/partineverycornerofpeople'sdailylife.b.Nowadays,itisfiercely/popularly/commonly/widely/universallydebated/disputed/discussed/controversial/debatable/disputable/+aboutthat+主题。c.伴随状语：Withtheconsiderabledramaticdevelopment/advancement/progress/improvement/promotionof/in+(科学、教育、经济、社会、安全)，anincreasing/growing/risingnumber/amountof+主题+has/havearoused/attachedpublicconcern.d.倒装句：Recently/presently/currently,thereisapopulardebate/argument/dispute,/controversy/discussionaboutthat/whether+从句e.被动句：Contemporarily/inrecentyears,agreatemphasis/concern/attentionhasbeenplaced/puton/to+主题。2.过渡句：原则：改写题目观点。方法：1.换词：同义词替代、词性转换。2.换句型：主被动转换、强调句型、倒装句型。常用句型：1.Thereisaperception/perspectiveconsideringthat……2.Somepeopleclaim/suggest/indicate/presentthat……,whileothersargue/proclaim/advocatethat……3.Somepeopleput/holdthat……,whileacounter-argumentpresentsthat……/whileothersobjectto/rejectit.3.主题句：表明立场：支持、反对、让步。pros：（1）Icompletely/extremelyagreethat……（2）Iamconvincedthat……（3）Isubscribetothenotionthat……（4）Iconcedetotheopinionthat……（5）Itispossibleformetoacceptthat……（6）Itisobvious/conspicuous/apparent/prominent/reasonablethat……（7）Thereismuchevidencetoshowthat……（8）Thereisaconsiderablepossibilitytosupportthat……cons：（1）Ifirmly/totallydisagreedthat……（2）Iamunconvinced/notconvincedthat……（3）It’sdifficult/impossibleformetoacceptthat……（4）It’sunbelievable/inconceivable/incrediblethat……（5）It’sunjustifiable/unreasonabletosaythat……（6）Thereislittle/noevidencetoshow/support/that……（7）Thereisaslightpossibility/likehood/probabilitythat……让步立场：（1）Although……have/hascertainpositiveeffectsin……to……，thenegativeimpactsin……appearsmoreprominent/influential/conspicuous.（2）Although……have/hascertainpositiveeffectsin……to……，thenegativeimpactsin……cannever/bynomeans/onnoaccountbeignored/neglected.（3）Although……have/hascertainpositiveeffectsin……to……，bynomeans/onnoaccount/canthenegativeimpactsin……beignored/neglected.（4）Although……have/hascertainpositiveeffectsin……to……，itsnegativeimpactsin……have/has/receive/arousethepriority.中间段写法：结构：a.Mainidea.(onesentenceonly)b.supportingsentences(3~4sentences)Mainideas:支持立场：正+正+正反对立场：反+反+反让步立场：正+反+反Mainidea1:Itcanbenotedthat……Itisquitenormal/usual/possible/commonthat……Itisnotunbelievable/incredible/inconceivablethat……Itisundoubtedthat/undeniable/indisputablethat……Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat……Itisobvious/apparent/prominent/identifiable/conspicuousthat……Mainidea2:Meanwhile,thereisnodoubtthat……(Positive)Additionally,thereisnodenyingthefactthat……Inaddition,thereismuchevidencetoshow/indicate/supportthat……Furthermore,thereisaconsiderablepossibility/likehood/probabilitythat……Anothersignificantfactortosupport/highlight……isthat……Mainidea3:Despiteitsimportance/significance,Itendtoconcedethat……(Negative)Onthenegativeside,wemustadmit/acceptthat……Bycontrast,ithasbeenagreed/admittedthat……Incomparison,wehavetorecognizethefactthat……However,thestrongestargumentagainst……isthat……Onthecontrary,itcan’tbeneglected/ignoredthat……Supportingideas:Explaining解释法Extending推理法Exemplifying举例论证法Contrasting正反对比论证法Sorting分类论证法1.解释法：即解释中心句的具体含义：what/how/why常用词：Precisely/specifically更精确的说Thatistosay,BythisImeanthat……Inotherwords,……Tobemoreprecise,……HereIamreferringtothefactthat……2.推理法：即假如之上条件成立，会得出什么样的结果常用词：Inthiscase/sense,Ifthisisthecase,Indeed/infact/actually/inactualfactNaturally/apparently/obviously/prominently/remarkably/identificably，……Generally/definitely/undoubtedly,……Underthecircumstanceof……Withtheimportance/appearance/positiveeffect/impacts/influencesof……3.举例论证法：即用具体的人或事来证明这一理论或观点。常用词：Suchas/justlike/justas/namely/including/especially/particularly/Peculiarly+短语（n.）Forexample/instance,take……asanexample/illustration+句子Atypical/standard/reasonable/identifiableexampleofthisisthat……举例不宜情况：不要列举数据，除非表明出处——数据应模糊化。不要写自己或朋友的生活经历——个人改为整体、中国式的例子（古代名人、事迹或现象）——个别现象应该为普遍现象。总结：举例要有概括性，不能太具体。4.正反对比论证法：即把中心句分成正反两方面对比论证。常用词：Incomparison,by/IncontrastOnthecontrary,ontheotherhand/sideOnthecounterpart,however/nevertheless/contrarily5.分类法：即将论点按一定标准分类说明。常用词：首先：initially/ontheonehand/firstofall/inthefirstplace/tobeginwith其次：subsequently/ontheotherhand/inaddition/foranotherthing/followingthis再次：besides/additionally/moreover/furthermore结论段：原则：总结主体部分mainideas:1.重申立场2.提出建议或解决办法3.让步法总结分支观点4.不要加入新观点结尾常用连贯词：Inconclusion/summary/brief/short/general/awordToconclude/sumup/summarizeBriefly/consequently/finally/ultimately/overall重申法句型：1.Tosumup,fromwhathasbeendiscussed/analyzedabove,wemaysafelydraw(reach/cometo/arriveat),theconclusionthat……Insummary,takingintoaccountallthesefactors,……Consequently,judgingfromallevidenceoffered,……2.Inbrief,alltheevidence(analyze)supports(justifies/confirms/warrants/pointsto)anunshakable/unmistakableconclusionthat……建议法句型：1.Itishi