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Lesson 1THE PRACTICE AND PROFESSION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE•landscape architecture （page 3, line 1）: 景观设计学；园林建筑学；园林学(garden architecture )–landscape gardening：造园–architect•realm （page 3, line 1）：[relm] n. 王国, 国土; 范围–kingdom; region–regime: [reiˈʒi:m]（尤指独裁的）政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制。a fascist regime–government•in response to （page 3, line 2）: 对…做出反应（应答）–be responsible for对……负责–in charge of: 对……负责•be concerned with（page 3, line 4）: 有关于…的，涉及…–/authority concerned•involve（page 3, line 8）: vt. 包括；牵涉–involve sbin sth: to make sbexperience or do sth, especially sthunpleasantmethods that actively involve students in learning–be involved into be involved in a scandal–involve with 与……密切关系•distribution （page 3, line 9）: 分布；分配(distribute vt.)•alignment（page 3, line 10）：n. the route or course of a railway or road. （铁路或道路的）路线；队立，一直线–align vt. 排成直线;与…结盟lin, lign= line // a(=to) + lign(= line); –‐ment•recreation （page 3, line 10）: n. 娱乐，消遣，休憩–re‐+ create (creation) –cre= grow; make: e.g. creative（创造性的, 有创造力的）; creature; accrete（增加,合生）•amenity （page 3, line 11）: n. 方便条件；便利设施；使人愉快的环境, 事物(如公园、礼貌的态度或亲切的行为等)–amenity forest：风景林(ornamental forest )•coincide （page 3, line 11）: vi.与…同时发生。~ with–The singer’s arrival was timed to coincide with the opening of the festival.•physiographic （page 3, line 12）: adj. 地文学的，地貌学的–physiographyn. 地文学•watershed（page 3, line 12）: n. 流域；分水岭–water + shed–shed: vt.流出；发散，散发（shed light on sth使某事物清楚些；解释某事）；脱落。n. 棚，小屋•Three subject areas for analysis–ecology & nature –visual quality–history of human use and current demands.•The result is a land use plan or policy. It recommends…•The study area ideally coincides with a natural physiographic region, such as…, but unfortunately…•such as…列举实例解释术语•synthesis（page 3, line 20）: n. 综合；合成–syn(共同) + thes(放) + is —放在一起—综合–synthesize v. ; photosynthesis 光合作用。•facility（page 3, line 20）: n. 设备，设施；便利条件: communication facilities; sports facilities•aesthetic （page 3, line 21）: adj. 美学的，艺术的–aesthetics n. 美学–esthet感觉e.g. anesthetic n. 麻醉剂; adj. 麻醉的•context（page 3, line 22）: n. 环境，背景；来龙去脉（文脉）；上下文–contextual adj.•diagrammatic（page 3, line 24）: adj. 图解的；概略的；图表的–diagram n. 图解，图表dia(交错，穿过) + gram（写，图像）交错画图~~。E.g. diameter;cardiogram•terrace（page 3, line 26）：n. 平台；梯田；阳台// terra土地•amphitheater（page 3, line 26）：n. 竞技场；[建] 圆形露天剧场；古罗马剧场–amphi‐(ambi‐) 两个，两侧同围e.g. amphibian[æm'fɪbɪən] n. 两栖动物•…the process in which/ by which/ whereby/ through which…•e.g. Photosynthesis is the process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source.•Site planning is the process in which the characteristics of the site and the requirements of the program for its use are brought together in creative synthesis.•on account of(page 4, line 2): 由于•publicize(page 4, line 2): vt. 宣传；公布•defy(page 4, line 4): vt. 违抗；藐视；有无法克服的困难–openly defying the authorities公然藐视权威–This defies to be explained. 这难以解释。•be responsible for (page 4, line 6): 对……负责•assemble (page 4, line 6): v. 集合，聚集；装配；收集•parcel (page 4, line 6): n.小包；包裹; (土地)一片；一块•circulation (page 4, line 8): n. 流通, 循环–circulate v.–circ (cycl) 环，环绕；e.g. circular 圆形的//•recycle(page 4, line 10)再循环利用•rehabilitation(page 4, line 10)：n. 复原，修复•sponsor(page 4, line 13)：vt. 赞助, 发起, 主办; n. 发起人，主办者，保证人–spons(=spond保证) + or (人)•viability(page 4, line 14)：n. 生存能力，发育能力；可行性•infrastructure(page 4, line 15)：n. 基础设施；公共建设；下部构造–infra‐在下e.g. infrared 红外线–structure 结构；建筑•horticulture(page 4, line 19): n. 园艺，园艺学(culture 文化，文明；修养；栽培)•glare(page 4, line 21): n. 刺眼；耀眼的光；受公众注目•draft(page 4, line 21): n. 草稿；汇票；草图; 通风•costly (page 4, line 22): adj. expensive•Complicated as they are…•Cold as it was, we went out. (Although it was so cold, we went out)语气非常强烈•Tired as she was, I decided not to disturb her. =Because…Butitiscentraltoitsoverallsuccessthattheorganizationanddesignofthespacebetweenbuildings(siteplanningandlandscapedesign).•criterion(pl.criteria) (page 4, line 29): n. （批评判断的）标准；规范•siting(site)(page 4, line 29): n. 地点；位置；场所vt. 设置；为…选址•lie 倒装The wider landscape, urban or rural, is the context for the site, which in turn is the framework within which liesthe details.just as…, so…•正如期待……是合理的，这个……的标准是正确的。•正如可以预期到小尺度的项目，如花园或公园，会受到其所处的更大环境的影响，并应该对此作出反应是合理的，对于某些大尺度的土地规划决策或城市设计的评判标准依赖于对建筑物、道路和设施的布置等的详细设计和技术的了解也是正确的。•interpretation(page 4, line 34): n. 解释；翻译；演出–interpret vt. Inter(在…之间) + pret在两种语言之间沟通•contradict(page 4, line 35): v. 与…矛盾；与…抵触；相悖；反驳–contra(反对) + dict(说)// contrast n./v. 对比// predict v. 预言// dictation•dynamic (page 4, line 36): adj. 动态的；不断变化的•static(page 4, line 36): adj. 静态的；静电的；静力的•finite (page 4, line 37): n. 有限之物adj. 有限的；限定的–fin 结束；界限；目的e.g. confine vt. 限制，禁闭// infinite 无穷的// define de(加强)+fin(界限)+e使明确；定义•frustrate(page 4, line 36): vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心adj. 挫败的；无益的frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的•Before proceeding…itis perhaps useful to discuss earlier and other interpretations of the term landscape architecture.•it=?•discuss interpretations/ earlier adj.•在进一步讨论这个理论框架之前，讨论一下较早时期的和别的一些对景观设计学这个