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直接引语和间接引语考点1、人称的变化1）“一随主”。直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”→Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2）“二随宾”。直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.→MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3）“三不变”。直接引语中第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“she'llcheckhishomeworktonight.”→Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”→HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.考点2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：直接引语→间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时过去完成时→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时过去进行时→过去进行时一般将来时→过去将来时例如：“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.→Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”→Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.从句时态无须改变的情况:1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时/将来时的时候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”→Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”→Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：(优化方案p11语法专练2)Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”→Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.4）直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。5）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯的动作，时态不不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsiteverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsiteverymorning.”6）当直接引语中有以when,while，since引导的从句，只改变主句时态，从句时态不变，如：1.Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”→Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.2.Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”→Mr.GreentoldthemthatJoehadtoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.6）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象;谚语、格言时，如：Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”→Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”→Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时,保持不变。例如：Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”→ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”→Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”→Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.Theteachersaid,“Youneedn'thandinyourcompositionstoday.”→Theteachersaidweneedn't/didn'tneedto/didn'thavetohandinourcompositions.Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”→Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.〔注〕：此处用hadto代替must更好考点4：指示代词、时间、地点状语和动词变化1）时间状语：直接引语→间接引语now→thentomorrow→thenext（following）daytoday→thatdaynextweek→thenext（following）week（month,year）yesterday→thedaybeforetwodaysago→twodaysbeforelastweek（month,year）→theweek（month,year）beforethisweek→thatweek（month,year）2）指示代词：these变成those3）地点状语：here变成there4）动词：come变成go，bring变成takeShesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”→Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore..注意：如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。如：Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”→Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow.考点5、语序的变化1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”→HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等，又如：Hesaid，“I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”（根据句意理解改动词）→Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”→Thedoctorsaid（that）IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序。Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”→Heasked（me）whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.3）直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or….如：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”→HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：Heasked，“What'syourname?”→Heasked（me）whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”→Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.注意1：本身特殊疑问代词做主语语序不变。Myheadteachersaid:“wholikesreadinginthepark?”→Myheadteacheraskedwholikedreadinginthepark.注意2：1.What’thematter(withyou)?2.What’swrong(withyou)?(语序不变)3.What’sthetrouble(withyou)?（语序要变）5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo，（由肯定祈使句变成）asksb.nottodo（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。Hesaid，“Beseated,please.”→Heaskedustobeseated.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.→Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.→Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.6）有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如：Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”→Hesuggestedourhavingarest.Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”→Heofferedtohelpme.7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked.→Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heaskedus.→Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用wha