Part2考点7考点7虚拟语气1.主要考查的知识点:(1)在状语从句和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法(2)含蓄虚拟语气2.复习重点:(1)掌握虚拟语气的基本概念及用法。(2)在条件句中省略if的虚拟语气。(3)意义上不是虚拟语气,但必须使用虚拟语气的情况。3.应对方法:解题时,首先要确定题干句子表示的句意为真实的还是虚拟的,来决定是否该用虚拟语气。带有状语从句的复合句应重点看从句,根据从句句意所表达的信息来判断是否该用虚拟。虚拟语气确定后要明确是对现在、过去还是对将来的虚拟,从而确定虚拟语气的形式。(1)IfIhad(have)time,Iwouldgothere.(2)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn't/wouldn't_have_missed(miss)thebus.(3)Ifitshould_rain/were_to_rain(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.(4)Wegotupearlyinorderthatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.1.状语从句中的虚拟语气(5)Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.(6)Wegotupearlylestthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.(7)ShespeaksEnglishasthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.(8)Itseemsasifhedoesn'tknowher.1.状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气的结构及用法:非真实的条件,常由if引导,主句和从句常用虚拟语气。1.条件与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were);主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如:(1)。2.条件与过去事实相反,从句谓语用过去完成时haddone;主句谓语用would/should/could/might+havedone,如:(2)。3.条件与将来事实相反,从句谓语用shoulddo/weretodo;主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形,如:(3)。规则1:目的状语从句1.sothat/inorderthat+从句:从句:用can/could/may/might+动词原形,如:(4)。2.forfearthat/incasethat+从句:从句用should+动词原形)“以防,万一”,如:(5)。3.lest+从句:从句用should+动词原形,“以防万一”,如:(6)。规则2:方式状语从句asif/asthough+从句:从句的虚拟语气与wish后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似,如:(7)。【注意】asif/asthough连接的从句表示可能的事实时,不需用虚拟语气,如:(8)。2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气(1)ItissuggestedthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.Thedoctor'ssuggestionisthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.(2)Hisfacesuggestedthathewasverysad.(3)Howhewishesthathewereabird.(4)WewishthatwehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.(5)Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.(6)Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.(7)Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.(8)Itisimportantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofcomputerscience.(9)Itisapitythatyou(should)beabsentfromthemeeting.(10)Wearesurprisedthathe(should)beadoctor.2.名词性从句中的虚拟语气规则1:名词性从句中,表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,名词性从句用(should)+动词原形。(1)建议:动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend(名词advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation)(2)命令:名词order,command(3)要求:动词request,require,demand,ask,insist(名词request,requirement,demand),如:(1)。【注意】(1)suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,如:(2)。(2)insist意为“坚持认为,坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。规则2:Iwish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,如:(3)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,如:(4)。(3)表示愿望实现的可能性很小,从句常用could/might/would+动词原形,如:(5)。规则3:wouldrather/prefer+that从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时,如:(6)。(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时,如:(7)。规则4:名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩时,从句用should+动词原形/should+havedone,should可译为“应该;居然,竟然”。should可以省略。常见的句型如下:(1)Itisimportant/necessary/strange/surprising/funny/natural+that从句,如:(8)。(2)Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/nowonderthat从句,如:(9)。(3)主语+be+sorry/disappointed/surprised+that从句,如:(10)。3.定语从句中的虚拟语气(1)It'stimethatweshouldgohome.(2)It'stimethatwewenthome.(3)ItisthesecondtimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.(4)ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedBeijing.It's(about/high/very)timethat从句(从句用虚拟语气,谓语用一般过去式或shoulddo,should不能省略),意为“某人该做某事了”,如:(1)、(2)。注意下面固定句型的时态搭配:①It/Thisisthefirst/second/…timethat+主语+has/havedone…②It/Thiswasthefirst/second/…timethat+主语+haddone.如:(3)、(4)。4.简单句中的虚拟语气(1)LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!(2)Mayyousucceed!(3)Everybodyleavetheroom!(4)Letoneofyougoandtellhertocome.虚拟语气用于简单句时,一般表示祝愿、命令等。谓语要用动词原形。规则1:表示祝愿,如:(1)、(2)。规则2:表示命令,如:(3)、(4)。5.含蓄虚拟语气(1)Ifonlyyouhadn't_told(nottell)himthenews.(2)Humanbeingswoulddiewithoutwater.⇒Humanbeingswould_dieiftherewerenowater.(3)Icouldn't_have_succeededbutforyourhelp.⇒Icouldn'thavesucceededifyouhadn'thelpedme.5.含蓄虚拟语气(4)Ihadnomoneythen.OtherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.IfIhad_hadmoneythen,Iwouldhaveboughtthatbook.(5)Hadtheyhadtime(=Iftheyhadhadtime),theywouldhavecertainlycometohelpus.(6)IfIhadstudiedinauniversity,Iwouldgetthejobinthecompany.常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况:规则1:ifonly意为“要是……就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似),如:(1)。规则2:without/butfor如果没有……,……就会……。如:(2)、(3)。规则3:otherwise/or否则,不然的话,就会……。如:(4)。【注意】(1)当虚拟语气的条件状语从句中有had,should,were时,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,而把had,should,were提前到句首,变为半倒装,如:(5)。(2)混合虚拟语气虚拟语气中,常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情,此时,从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。如:(6)。(3)几种特别用法was/weresupposedtohavedone理应做……was/weretohavedone本计划做……hadthought/believed…,but…本以为……hadplanned/intended…,but…本计划……,本打算……hadwished/hoped…,but…本希望……