英语演讲学习方法

英语口语和演讲学习方法厦门大学英文系教授/博士厦大外语教学法研究室主任厦大外国语言文学所副所长纪玉华讲话就是生产力毕业论文答辩考研复试求职面试才艺比赛研讨发言汇报工作劝导讲解大声朗读英语的益处要讲好外语，必须从朗读开始，懂得朗读规则，严格按规则训练，吐字才会清晰，语流才会顺畅，语调才会得体。怎样提高你的英语语感?培养语感成为外语教学的重要任务。王德春HowtoenhanceyourEnglishlanguagesense?音→词→句→段朗读→背诵→默写坚持背诵→表演背诵→语感朗读和背诵十项注意(1)天天“五一”，坚持劳动(2)读“四字经”，辨别异同长衣短A/i:,i/;长屋短欧/u:,u/小哀大爱/e,cat/;小阿大阿/cut,a:/(3)元音长短，要看后面清辅音则缩短，浊辅音则延长朗读和背诵十项注意（4）清浊之别，实则强弱/p,b,t,d,k,g,f,v,s,z,[ch],[joy][sh][sure]（5）丢三落四，事半功倍[drop]Nexttime,holdtheboy,lastsummer（6）首尾相接，一气呵成[link]I’llaskhimaboutitwhenIseehimagain朗读和背诵十项注意（7）虚晃一枪，装模作样[loss]Blackboard,whitecat,blackcat,Badguy,shortstory,sadstory（8）礼让三先，化繁为简[change]Sendmoney,didyou,don’tyouTenboys,tengirls,askedyou朗读和背诵十项注意（9）欺软怕硬，厚此薄彼Philosophy,nationality,Iraq,economy,economically,philosophically,techniqueIsuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.表意重音：实词重/虚词轻实词：动词、名词、形容词、副词、数词、疑问代词、指示代词。虚词：介词[双音节介词除外]、冠词、连词、人称代词、关系代词、关系副词、助动词。例如：IbelievethecourseIfollowedwithChinaistheonethat’sbestforAmerica,disagreeingwherewehaveseriousdisagreementsandpursuingourcommoninterestwhereIthoughtitwasintheinterestoftheUnitedStates.逻辑重音：强调啥就突出啥Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.逻辑重音:强调啥就突出啥Shewastryingtoloseweight.Shewastryingtoloseweight.Shewastryingtoloseweight.Shewastryingtoloseweight.朗读和背诵十项注意(10)听话听音，锣鼓听声降调（肯定、不客气），平调，升调（疑问、关心），降升调，升降调升调客气，降调冷淡What’syourname?MayIhaveyourname,please?Whatcompanyareyourepresenting?Howdoyoupronounceyourname,please?WhatpartofAmericaareyoufrom?WhereisyourcompanylocatedinCanada?Whatwouldyouliketohave,teaofcoffee?A:I'mofftoEuropetomorrow.B:Where?(i)/Where?(ii)\Where?(i)=Pleaserepeat,Ididn'tcatchwhatyousaid.Offtowhere?(ii)=Pleaseamplify.WhereinEuropeareyougoing?朗读和背诵十项注意朗读技巧演练1：省/连/失/变Lastweek,Iwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.朗读技巧演练2：省/连/失/变Iturnedroundandlookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.IntheendIcouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.“Ican’thearaword,”Isaidangrily.“It’snoneofyourbusiness,”theyoungmansaidrudely,“Thisisaprivateconversation.”朗读技巧演练3：重音/语调/手势TomorrowisMother’sDay,aspecialmomenttoexpressthegratitude,respectandlovewefeelallyearround.Ourmothersgiveuslife;theyofferusunconditionallove,strongguidanceandthesensethatwecangrowuptodoanythingwecandreamof.朗读技巧演练4：重音/语调/手势Fromourfirstmoments,mothersareourbestteachersandmostselflessfriends.And,likemyownmother,whomImissverymuch,especiallyonMother’sDay,theyrarelyaskforthanks.Amother’smainwishistoseeherchildrengrowuphealthyandhappy.朗读背诵一举五得Killfivebirdswithonestone.开口轻松，语流顺畅自读自听，自然顺耳语法是啥？就是语感常做默写，写作不难表演背诵，口译不难通过SPEAKING学习演讲Situationwho,where,when,how,what.purpose+essentialpointsP=purpose----Whatyouaregoingtotalkabout,whatyourpurposeofthetalk,whatyouwantyouraudiencetodoafterthetalk.E=Essentialpoints----whatarethemainpointsyouwanttoarguefor?Organizetheminalogicandeasy-to-understandway.A=ArtisticdeviceArtisticdevicesinclude:Metaphor(Imaginehumanlifeasalonghurdlerace.Weallbeginrunningatthesamestartingpoint,butafterwejumpoverthefirstfewhurdles,someofusstarttoknockdownhurdlesandgraduallydropout.Asmorepeopleareknockingdownhurdles,fewerpeoplearerunningon.Intheend,ofcourse,everyrunnergivesup.)A=Artisticdevice(Whatarethehurdlesandhowcanwelowerthem?Therearefourkindsofhurdles:environment,medicalcare,nutrition,andspirituallife.)Climax[thepowerofthree](Nixon1972:Thereisnoreasonforustobeenemies.Neitherofusseekstheterritoryoftheother;neitherofusseeksdominationovertheother;neitherofusseekstostretchoutourhandsandruletheworld.)A=ArtisticdeviceReagan1984:Neitherofusisanexpansionistpower.Wedonotdesireyourland,noryouours.Wedonotchallengeyourborders.Wedonotprovokeyouranxieties.K+I=knowledge+illustrationKnowledge----youmustdoenoughresearchonyourtopicandgetreadyforquestionsfromyouraudience.Illustration----specify(where,when,who,what,how,why);personalize(usenamesinsteadofsomeoneoranoldman);humanize(considerhumaninterest);dramatize(usedirectnotindirectspeech)N+G=novelty&gestureNOVELTY----STARTANDENDYOURSPEECHINADIFFERENTANDINTERESTINGWAYBYUSINGQUOTATIONSORSTORIES.(Donotdoontootherswhatyouwillnothavethemdoontoyou.Doontootherswhatyouwillhavedoontoyou.)GESTURE----DESCRIPTIVE(MIMIC),SYMBOLIC(SPACE&TIME).Novelty：5waystomakeyourbeginninginteresting1.Startleyouraudience2.Arousetheircuriosity3.Askarhetoricquestion4.Quoteafamousperson5.TellthemastoryFourwaystoendyourtalk1.Restateyourmainpoints2.Useaquotation3.Makeadramaticstatement4.ReferbacktoyourbeginningstatementGestures:Symbolic&descriptiveAfewdaysago//lastweek//fromourfirstmoments//mothersholdaspecialplaceinourhearts//intheend//theycontinuedtoaskquestions.Questions,questions,questions//theycame//howcanyou//thetelephonerang//visitedmanyplaces//unconditionallove//againandagain//upanddown//atmyside//combmyhairPLEASEREMEM