2012届步步高高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略课件：阅读理解2、细节考查类

二、细节考查类1.细节考查题的特点此类试题要求考生利用文章所提供的具体信息来回答问题，答题依据可以在阅读材料中直接找到。细节性问题的命题方法是，选出原文中的一句话或片语，然后用同义表达作为正确选项来提问。虽然答案有时与原文出处在文字表达上不相一致，但所用词语意义非常接近，有时甚至原文的话就出现在选项中。细节性问题有两种基本形式：完全式和不完全式。例如：(1)Whatwerethingslikeinthe1980swhenaccidentshappened？(完全式)(2)TheSun’slighttravelsslowlywhen________.(不完全式)2.细节考查类阅读理解的备考策略做细节性问题时需要注意以下几个方面：(1)每篇文章不论长短都有其中心思想，用以支持和发展中心思想的具体信息就是命题时的重要依据。答题时，学生要围绕中心思想，特别留意阅读材料中的有关数字、时间、专有名词、原因和特点等具体信息。(2)题干中的标识语是从阅读材料中快速寻找答题依据的“路标”。最常见的就是用引号所标识的关键词或标明的标识语所在的具体行数。例如：Theauthor’sattitudetoward“mosteconomistsintheUnitedStates”canbestbedescribedas________.另外，题干中的地名、人名、数字、日期、专有名词等也是寻找正确答案的路标。做这种题型往往需要运用检索阅读方法(scanning)，即要注意题干中的标识语，带着问题有的放矢地在阅读材料中寻找某一个特定信息(日期、数字、专有名词等)的具体位置。学生不必逐行阅读，也不必考虑文章的结构布局。scanning的具体步骤为：(1)要时刻记住所要寻找的特定信息；(2)应该快速沿纸页或栏目自上而下扫视，时刻期待着相关信息的出现；(3)必要时可适当停留，辨别是否找到了特定的信息。实例透析(2011·陕西卷·B)MostpeopleknowthatMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize，andthefirstpersontowinittwice.However，fewpeopleknowthatshewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.BorninSeptember,1897，IreneCuriewasthefirstoftheCuries’twodaughters.Alongwithnineotherchildrenwhoseparentswerealsofamousscholars，Irenestudiedintheirownschool，andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.ShefinishedherhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSévignéinParis.IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepareforadegreeinmathematicsandphysics.WhenWorldWarⅠbegan，Irenewenttohelphermother，whowasusingX­rayfacilities(设备)tohelpsavethelivesofwoundedsoldiers.IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingX­rayfacilitiesinmilitaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgium.HerserviceswererecognizedintheformofaMilitaryMedalbytheFrenchgovernment.In1918，Irenebecamehermother’sassistantattheCurieInstitute.InDecember1924，FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute，andIrenetaughthimthetechniquesrequiredforhiswork.Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin1926.TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater.Likehermother，Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.Likehermother，IrenewasawardedaNobelPrize，alongwithherhusband，in1935.Unfortunately，alsolikehermother，shedevelopedleukemiabecauseofherworkwithradioactivity(辐射能).IreneJoliot­CuriediedfromleukemiaonMarch17,1956.49.WhywasIreneCurieawardedaMilitaryMedal?A.Becauseshereceivedadegreeinmathematics.B.Becauseshecontributedtosavingthewounded.C.BecauseshewontheNobelPrizewithFrederic.D.Becausesheworkedasahelpertohermother.解析细节理解题。由第三段中“IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingX­rayfacilitiesinmilitaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgium.HerserviceswererecognizedintheformofaMilitaryMedalbytheFrenchgovernment.”可知答案为B。答案B50.WheredidIreneCuriemeetherhusbandFredericJoliot?A.AttheCurieInstitute.B.AttheUniversityofParis.C.Atamilitaryhospital.D.AttheCollegeofSévigné.解析细节理解题。由第四段中“In1918，Irenebecamehermother’sassistantattheCurieInstitute.InDecember1924，FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute...”可知答案为A。答案A51.WhenwasthesecondchildofIreneCurieandFredericJoliotborn?A.In1932.B.In1927.C.In1897.D.In1926.解析细节理解题。由第四段中“TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyearslater.”可知答案为A。答案A52.InwhichofthefollowingaspectswasIreneCuriedifferentfromhermother?A.Ireneworkedwithradioactivity.B.Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.C.IrenewontheNobelPrizeonce.D.Irenediedfromleukemia.解析细节理解题。从第一段可知玛丽·居里两次获得诺贝尔奖，从最后一段可知她的女儿只获得一次。故选C。答案C考题印证A(2011·广东卷·B)Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess.Accordingtothestudy，ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog，andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats，ayearfordogs)，itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two­thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.However，itwasn’tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes，whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustopposite.Forexample，whenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggression，whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully，researchersobservedasurprisingbehaviour.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalk‘dog’，anddogscanlearnhowtotalk‘cat’.What’sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachother’sbodysignals，suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother’spresenceandbodylanguage，catsanddogscanplaytogether，greeteachothernosetonose，andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Thesignificanceofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpets—topeoplewhodon’tgetalong，includingneighbors，colleaguesatwork，andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong，surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.1.Theunderlinedword“swimmingly”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A.earlyB.sweetlyC.quicklyD.smoothly解析词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，如果先收养猫并且猫不到6个月，狗不到一年，他们就能相处得很和谐。2/3被采访的家庭也表明有这样的结果。所以swimmingly在此意为smoothly。答案D2.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen________.A.theyarecoldtoeachotherB.theylookawayfromeach