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四、推理判断类1.推理判断类题型特点在阅读理解中，推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即根据作者暗示的内容，推断出合理的结论。推理题通常有三种类型：(1)根据原文某个或是几个句子，经过正推理，得出正确答案，一般为以下模式：IfAisB，CisD.(2)根据原文某个或几个句子，经过反推理，得出问题的正确答案：IfAisB，CisnotD./IfAisnotB，CisD.(3)根据虚拟或假设与原文完全不符的条件可能发生的后果，并以此作为正确选项来提问。推理题常见的题型有：(1)Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat.(2)Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“”？(3)Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?(4)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear/befound?(5)Fromthelastparagraph，weinfer/learn/concludethat.(6)Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage，theauthormeansthat.(7)What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward？(8)Theauthorusestheexampleof...toshowthat.(9)Thewritersuggeststhat.(10)Inwhichofthefollowingpublicationswouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?2.推理判断类阅读理解的备考策略在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对细节的推断可能要求针对某一句话，推断出其意义或某一事实。针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。在推理判断时要牢记以下几点：(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息或推论依据进行推理，千万不能掺杂自己的主观想法或经验，一切以文章为准；(2)如果某选项中的内容只是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案；(3)如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案；(4)如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文章中提到，但很片面或不完整，那它也不是正确答案；(5)文中的虚拟语气和情态动词往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案；(6)注意作者在文中的措辞，比如作者在形容词前用了too，excessively，rather等，则常常带有否定的口气；(7)某些过渡词(例如：however，but，onthecontrary，what’smore)后面所表达的内容往往能够反映作者的观点和态度；(8)正确选项的特点：①不是文中明确说明的内容，有引申推理；②大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。实例透析1.(2011·福建卷·D)JacquelineBouvierKennedyOnassiswasoneofthemostprivatewomenintheworld，yetwhenshewenttoworkasaneditorinthelasttwodecadesofherlife，sherevealed(展现)herselfasshedidnowhereelse.Afterthedeathofhersecondhusband，Greekshippingmagnate(巨头)AristotleOnassis，Jacqueline’sclosefriendandformerWhiteHousesocialsecretaryLetitiaBaldrigemadeasuggestionthatsheconsideracareer(职业)inpublishing.Afterconsideration，Jacquelineacceptedit.Perhapsshehopedtofindtheresomeideasabouthowtoliveherownlife.Shebecamenotlessbutmoreinterestedinreading.Forthelast20yearsofherlife，Jacquelineworkedasapublisher’seditor，firstatViking，thenatDoubleday，pursuing(追求)alatelifecareerlongerthanhertwomarriagescombined.Duringhertimeinpublishing，shewasresponsibleformanagingandeditingmorethan100successfullymarketedbooks.AmongthefirstbookswereIntheRussianStyleandInventiveParisClothes.ShealsosucceededinpersuadingTVhostsBillMoyersandJosephCampbelltotransformtheirpopulartelevisionconversationsintoabook，ThePowerofMyth.Thebookwentontobecomeaninternationalbestseller.Shedealt，too，withMichaelJacksonashepreparedhisautobiography(自传)，Moonwalk.Jacquelinemayhavebeenhiredforhernameandforhersocialrelations，butshesoonprovedherworth.Herchoices，suggestionsandwidespreadsocialrelationswereofbenefitbothtothepublishingfirmsandtoJacquelineherself.Inthebookssheselectedforpublication，shebuiltonalifetimeofspendingtimebyherselfasareaderandleftarecordofthegrowthofhermind.Herbooksaretheautobiographysheneverwrote.HerroleasFirstLady，intheend，wasovershadowedbyherperformanceasaneditor.However，fewknewthatshehadachievedsomuch.68.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatJacqueline.A.becamefondofreadingafterworkingasaneditorB.wasinchargeofpublishing100booksC.promotedherbooksthroughsocialrelationsD.gainedalotfromhercareerasaneditor解析推理判断题。由文章内容可知，在第二任丈夫去世后，朋友推荐Jacqueline考虑在出版业谋一职位，之后她在此行业取得了成功，故D项正确。答案D70.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Jacqueline’stwomarriageslastedmorethan20years.B.Jacqueline’sownpublishingfirmwassetupeventually.C.Jacqueline’sviewsandbeliefswerereflectedinthebookssheedited.D.Jacqueline’sachievementswerewidelyknown.解析推理判断题。由文章最后一段第三句“Inthebookssheselectedforpublication，shebuiltonalifetimeofspendingtimebyherselfasareaderandleftarecordofthegrowthofhermind.”可知她的一些个人观点在自己编辑的书中有所表露，故C项正确。答案C2.(2011·江苏卷·A)Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcLeanthinksso.Infact，McLean，aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange，feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe’sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”invented“what”，however，McLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe“why”and“how”questions.AccordingtoMcLean，“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions，theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.”Herstudentsagree.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMcLean’sstatement.“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper’sinvention，”saidTommyLee，aseniorphysicsmajor，“Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.So，justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?Well，MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy，butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights，soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewindshield，shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn’tbeabuiltindeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham，Alabama，Ander