unit-7-William-Faulkner-and-barn-burning

1WilliamFaulkner(1897-1962)andBarnburning2HistoricalBackgroundofTheSouthernRenaissance–a.TherewasthehistoricallysignificantconflictbetweentheHamiltoniannorthandtheJeffersoniansouth.–b.TheCivilWarstoodasthewatershedoftwodifferentstagesinmanyaspects.TheSouthwasnevermoreunitedcloselyspirituallythanbefore.–c.AmericansouthernliteraturecandatebacktoEdgarAllenPoe,andreachitssummitwiththeappearanceofthetwogiantsFaulknerandWolfe.3TheSouthernRenaissance•TheSouthernRenaissanceisfeaturedinitsuniquefeelingofguilt,failureandpovertyaswell.•SouthernMyths•a.Chevalierheritage(骑士精神的传承)•b.Agrarianvirtue（土地的价值）•c.Plantationaristocracy（种植园主）•d.Lostcause（注定要失败的势力）•e.Whitesupremacy（白人至上）•f.Purityofwomanhood（女人的纯洁）4WilliamFaulkner(1897-1962)•Idon'tcaremuchforfacts,amnotmuchinterestedinthem,youcan'tstandafactup,you'vegottopropitup,andwhenyoumovetoonesidealittleandlookatitfromthatangle,it'snotthickenoughtocastashadowinthatdirection.5Thepastisneverdead.It’snotevenpast.6•anAmericannovelistandpoetwhoseworksfeaturehisnativestateofMississippi•regardedasoneofthemostinfluentialwritersofthetwentiethcentury•awardedthe1949NobelPrizeforLiterature.7simultaneouslyoriginalandassimilativeregardedasoneoftheleadingAmericanwritersintheliteraryhistoryoftheUnitedStates.arepresentativeofthewritersusingstreamofconsciousness（WilliamFaulkner1897—1962）8•Worksarefamousformultiplenarrationsandtimeshiftswithinnarrative.•Worksareknowntobeverychallenginganddifficult.9FaulknerinHollywoodIntheuniversityofVirginiacampus1011WilliamFaulkner1)Americannovelistandshort-storywriterwhowasawardedthe1950NobelPrizeforLiteratureforhispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel.2)Hewroteworksofpsychologicaldramaandemotionaldepth,typicallywithlongserpentineproseandhigh,meticulously-chosendiction,alsousinggroundbreakingliterarydevicessuchasstreamofconsciousness,multiplenarrationsorpointsofview,andtime-shiftswithinnarrative.12WilliamFaulkner3)ThegeneralambienceoftheSouth.Mississippimarkedhissenseofhumor,hissenseofthetragicpositionofBlacksandWhites,hiskeencharacterizationofusualSoutherncharactersandhistimelessthemes,oneofthembeingthatfiercelyintelligentpeopledwelledbehindthefacadeofgoodoldboysandsimpletons.4)Faulknerwasknownratherinfamouslyforhisdrinkingproblemaswell,andthroughouthislifewasknowntobeanalcoholic.13Faulkner’sLife•bornin1897fromanoldsouthernfamilyandgrewinOxford,Mississippi•joinedtheCanadianandtheBritish,RoyalAirForceduringtheFirstWorldWar•thenstudiedforawhileattheUniversityofMississippi•In1940,FaulknerpublishedthefirstvolumeoftheSnopes(无耻政客)trilogy.•TheReivers(《掠夺者》),hislastpieceofliterature,withmanysimilaritiestoMarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinn,appearedin1962,theyearofFaulkner'sdeath14Faulkner'smostcelebratednovelsTheSoundandtheFury(1929)AsILayDying(1930)LightinAugust(1932)TheUnvanquished(1938)Absalom,Absalom!(1936),usuallyconsideredhismasterpiece.书名的典故出自莎士比亚悲剧《麦克白》第5幕第5场麦克白的有名台词：“人生如痴人说梦，充满着喧哗与骚动，却没有任何意义。”多角度的叙述方法“意识流”手法“神话模式”手法15HisShortstorycollection•These13(1931),includesmanyofhismostacclaimed(andmostfrequentlyanthologized)stories,includingARoseforEmily,RedLeaves,ThatEveningSun,andDrySeptember.16LiteraryCareer:ThreeStages•1.1924~1929:trainingasawriter•TheMarbleFaun•Soldier’sPay•Mosquitoes•2.1929~1936:mostproductiveandprolificperiod•Sartoris《萨托里斯》•TheSoundandtheFury•AsILayDying《在我弥留之际/出殡现形记》•LightinAugust•Absalom,Absalom《押加龙，押加龙》•3.1940~end:wonrecognitioninAmerica•GoDown,Moses17[I]discoveredthatmyownlittlepostagestampofnativesoilwasworthwritingaboutandthatIwouldneverlivelongenoughtoexhaustit,andthatbysublimatingtheactualintotheapocryphalIwouldhavecompletelibertytousewhatevertalentImighthavetoitsabsolutetop.Itopenedupagoldmineofotherpeople,soIcreatedacosmosofmyown.--WFThesettingofmostofhisworks18Thesettingofmostofhisworks•IntheAmericanSouth,withhisemphasisontheSouthernsubjectsandconsciousness.•SubjectmattersfromasmallregioninNorthernMississippi,YoknapatawphaCountywhichisactuallyanimaginaryplacebasedonFaulkner’schildhoodmemoryabouttheplacewherehegrewup,thetownofOxfordinhisnativeLafayetteCounty.19Yoknapatawpha•YoknapatawphaCounty:AcountyinnorthernMississippi,thesettingformostofWilliamFaulkner’snovelsandshortstories,andpatterneduponFaulkner’sactualhomeinLafayetteCounty,Mississippi.20YoknapatawphaKingdom•Withhisrichimagination,Faulknerturnedtheland,thepeopleandthehistoryoftheregionintoaliterarycreationandamythicalkingdom.•CreatedYoknapatawphaCounty,modeledafterOxford,Miss.•TheYoknapatawphastoriesdeal,generally,withthehistoricalperiodfromtheCivilWaruptothe1920swhentheFirstWorldWarbrokeout,andpeopleofstratified(分层次)society,thearistocrats,thenewrich,thepoorwhite,andtheblacks.•Asaresult,YoknapatawphaCountyhasbecomeanallegoryoraparableoftheOldSouth,withwhichFaulknerhasmanagedsuccessfullytoshowapanoramaoftheexperienceandconsciousnessofthewholeSouthernsociety.21“约克纳帕塔法世系”这个“世系”以美国南方几个庄园主世家的荣辱兴衰为主线，表现了一个世纪以来美国南方社会的历史命运、社会变迁以及各阶层人物的起伏沉浮，写出了美国南方地区的典型特征，具有浓厚的乡土气息。22福克纳手绘“约克纳帕塔法县地图”23MajorThemesofhisWorks•1.historyandrace•Heexplainsthepresentbyexaminingthepa