0脂肽类生物表面活性剂的研究进展-吕应年

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吕应年 杨世忠 牟伯中(, 200237) : 脂肽是由微生物代谢产生的一类具有很强表面活性的生物表面活性剂,在医药、食品、化妆品和微生物采油等方面有良好的应用潜力。本文对脂肽的生产、分离、鉴定及应用方面进行了综述。: 微生物 代谢产物 脂肽 生物表面活性剂ProgressofLipopeptideBiosurfactantsLvYingnian YangShizhong MuBozhong(DepartmentofChemistry,EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Shanghai 200237)Abstract: Thelipopeptidetypicallysynthesizedbymicroorganismswhichisanimportantkindofbiosurfactants,andithasagreatpotentialinpharmaceutics,foods,cosmetic,oilrecoveryandmanyotherfields.Thispaperreviewslipopeptide-producing,isolationandidentificationofthelipopeptideanditsapplications.Keywords: Microorganism Metabolite Lipopeptide Biosurfactant  。[1],,、、,[2]。,Surfactin、Lichenysin、Iturin、Fengysin。,。1 ,、、[3~4],(Pseudomonassp.)、(Bacillussp.)、(Arthrobactersp.)、(Mycobacteriumsp.)(Clostridi-umtyrobutyricum)。,。;,SurfactinIturin。1。1 Bacillus.subtilisS499Surfactin,IturinAandFengycinBacilluslicheniformisBNP29LichenysinABacillussubtilisIturinABacillus.subtilisATCC21332SurfactinBacilluspumilusBacircines(BI)2,3,4,5and5ABacillus.amyloliquefaciensstrainB94IturinABacillus.subtilisOKB105,SurfactinIsoformsBacillusnattoKMD2311homologoussurfactinBacillus.subtilisIAM1213SurfactinCandidalipolyticaLiposanCandidapetrophilumLipopeptideBacillusglobigiiFengycinPseudomonasfluorescensstrain96.578TensinBacillus.pumilus(marine)BacircineBacillussp.CND-914,HalobacillinBacillussp.A1238IsohalobacillinBacillus.licheniformisBAS50LichenysinABacillus.licheniformisIM1307LichenysinGBacillussp.Q-55DaitocidinBacillus.pumilus937-B1Pumilacidin(59974014),(20030251002)(03071)。:(1975-),,,,。。Tel:86-21-64252063,E-mail:bzmu@ecust.edu.cn生物技术通报··         BIOTECHNOLOGY BULLETIN        20046DOI:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2004.06.0032 ,。,、,,(cycliclipopeptide)。SurfactinIturin,β-,β-[5]。,;12~17。、,,,。1。1 12              生物技术通报Biotechnology Bulletin       20046  ,,。[6~8],Surfactin,Surfactin、Iturin、Fengycin。,,,Sur-factin。Sur-factin(2),7,,。7-,4-,2-。,。Sur-factin(2),Sur-factin,。,RP-HPLC,NMR、TOF-MS[9]。,。2 Surfactin2 Surfactin1[Leu7]-1008C13anteiso2[Val7]-994C13anteiso3[Ile2,Val7]-994C13n.d.4[Leu7]-1022C14iso5[Val7]-1008C14iso/n6[Ile2,Val7]-1008C14iso7[Leu7]-1036C15anteiso8[Ile7]-1022C14iso9[Val7]-1022C15anteiso10[Ile2,Val7]-1022C15anteiso11[Ile7]-1036C15anteiso12[Ile2,Ile7]-1036C15n.d。1968Surfactin[10],Surfactin[11~12]。、、[13~15]。,Surfactin、;,Surfactin[16],Surfactin。Nathalie[17]Surfactin。[18]MALDI-TOF-MSSurfactin,(ESI-MS)(MS-MS)Surfactin[19]。3 ,。、、。3.1 离子浓度对产量的影响,Fe2+、Mn2+[20,21]。Surfactin,Surfactin,1.7mM3500mg/L,10。1320046        :Mn2+0.01mMSurfactin2.6g/L,0.33g/L9。3.2 营养底物对产量的影响,。,、。[22]。Surfactin,,60%,[23]。3.3 生产工艺对产量的影响。,。[24]。Surfactin,,。,10~30,166~146rpmSurfactin,1.22g/L~1.67g/L,[25]。4 ,,。,、、,,,。4.1 抗病毒作用surfactin,Surfactin,,、。Surfactin。Surfactin;,Surfactin,[26]。,Surfactin[27],C13C14C15,C15SFV,Surfactin,。C15。4.2 用于防治植物病原菌Iturin。Iturin10,。,Iturin,,。,[28]。4.3 除去受污染土壤中的重金属离子Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd[29]。,Cu,,NaOHNa2CO3Cu。,。[30],,Lichenysin-Ca2+2∶1,Ca2+,Surfactin1∶1。4.4 降解有害农药,。,30~45%[31]。4.5 发泡性能14              生物技术通报Biotechnology Bulletin       20046Surfactin[32],Surfacin0.050.2mg/ml,BSA()。BSASurfactin。。14。15,C13。,SurfactinIturin,[33]。4.6 微生物采油、。。[34,35]。,、、、,。,C17、C18。5 ,,,。,,,。,,,,、,。1 KosaricN,CairnsWL.BiosurfactantsandBiotechnology.NY:MarcelDekkerInc,1987..2 JitemdraDD,IbrahimMB.MicrobioMolBiolRev,1997,61(1):47~64.3 ,,,.,2002,32(2):1~4.4 ,,.,2004,24(3)().5 AhimouaF,JacquesbP,DeleuaM.EnzymeandMicrobialTech-nology,2000,27:749~754.6 MichailMY,Wolf-RainerA,etal.BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa,1999,1438:273~280.7 BruceH,WilliamsYH,etal.JMassSpectrom,2002,37:259~264.8 JacquesP,HbidC,DestainJ,etal.ApplBiochem.Biotechnol,1999:223~233.9 LinSC,ChenYC,LinYM.JChromatogrA,1998,825(2):149~159.10 ArimaK,KakinumaA,TamuraG.BiochemBiophysResCom-mun,1968,1:488~494.11 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