吕应年 杨世忠 牟伯中(, 200237) : 脂肽是由微生物代谢产生的一类具有很强表面活性的生物表面活性剂,在医药、食品、化妆品和微生物采油等方面有良好的应用潜力。本文对脂肽的生产、分离、鉴定及应用方面进行了综述。: 微生物 代谢产物 脂肽 生物表面活性剂ProgressofLipopeptideBiosurfactantsLvYingnian YangShizhong MuBozhong(DepartmentofChemistry,EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Shanghai 200237)Abstract: Thelipopeptidetypicallysynthesizedbymicroorganismswhichisanimportantkindofbiosurfactants,andithasagreatpotentialinpharmaceutics,foods,cosmetic,oilrecoveryandmanyotherfields.Thispaperreviewslipopeptide-producing,isolationandidentificationofthelipopeptideanditsapplications.Keywords: Microorganism Metabolite Lipopeptide Biosurfactant 。[1],,、、,[2]。,Surfactin、Lichenysin、Iturin、Fengysin。,。1 ,、、[3~4],(Pseudomonassp.)、(Bacillussp.)、(Arthrobactersp.)、(Mycobacteriumsp.)(Clostridi-umtyrobutyricum)。,。;,SurfactinIturin。1。1 Bacillus.subtilisS499Surfactin,IturinAandFengycinBacilluslicheniformisBNP29LichenysinABacillussubtilisIturinABacillus.subtilisATCC21332SurfactinBacilluspumilusBacircines(BI)2,3,4,5and5ABacillus.amyloliquefaciensstrainB94IturinABacillus.subtilisOKB105,SurfactinIsoformsBacillusnattoKMD2311homologoussurfactinBacillus.subtilisIAM1213SurfactinCandidalipolyticaLiposanCandidapetrophilumLipopeptideBacillusglobigiiFengycinPseudomonasfluorescensstrain96.578TensinBacillus.pumilus(marine)BacircineBacillussp.CND-914,HalobacillinBacillussp.A1238IsohalobacillinBacillus.licheniformisBAS50LichenysinABacillus.licheniformisIM1307LichenysinGBacillussp.Q-55DaitocidinBacillus.pumilus937-B1Pumilacidin(59974014),(20030251002)(03071)。:(1975-),,,,。。Tel:86-21-64252063,E-mail:bzmu@ecust.edu.cn生物技术通报·· BIOTECHNOLOGY BULLETIN 20046DOI:10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2004.06.0032 ,。,、,,(cycliclipopeptide)。SurfactinIturin,β-,β-[5]。,;12~17。、,,,。1。1 12 生物技术通报Biotechnology Bulletin 20046 ,,。[6~8],Surfactin,Surfactin、Iturin、Fengycin。,,,Sur-factin。Sur-factin(2),7,,。7-,4-,2-。,。Sur-factin(2),Sur-factin,。,RP-HPLC,NMR、TOF-MS[9]。,。2 Surfactin2 Surfactin1[Leu7]-1008C13anteiso2[Val7]-994C13anteiso3[Ile2,Val7]-994C13n.d.4[Leu7]-1022C14iso5[Val7]-1008C14iso/n6[Ile2,Val7]-1008C14iso7[Leu7]-1036C15anteiso8[Ile7]-1022C14iso9[Val7]-1022C15anteiso10[Ile2,Val7]-1022C15anteiso11[Ile7]-1036C15anteiso12[Ile2,Ile7]-1036C15n.d。1968Surfactin[10],Surfactin[11~12]。、、[13~15]。,Surfactin、;,Surfactin[16],Surfactin。Nathalie[17]Surfactin。[18]MALDI-TOF-MSSurfactin,(ESI-MS)(MS-MS)Surfactin[19]。3 ,。、、。3.1 离子浓度对产量的影响,Fe2+、Mn2+[20,21]。Surfactin,Surfactin,1.7mM3500mg/L,10。1320046 :Mn2+0.01mMSurfactin2.6g/L,0.33g/L9。3.2 营养底物对产量的影响,。,、。[22]。Surfactin,,60%,[23]。3.3 生产工艺对产量的影响。,。[24]。Surfactin,,。,10~30,166~146rpmSurfactin,1.22g/L~1.67g/L,[25]。4 ,,。,、、,,,。4.1 抗病毒作用surfactin,Surfactin,,、。Surfactin。Surfactin;,Surfactin,[26]。,Surfactin[27],C13C14C15,C15SFV,Surfactin,。C15。4.2 用于防治植物病原菌Iturin。Iturin10,。,Iturin,,。,[28]。4.3 除去受污染土壤中的重金属离子Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd[29]。,Cu,,NaOHNa2CO3Cu。,。[30],,Lichenysin-Ca2+2∶1,Ca2+,Surfactin1∶1。4.4 降解有害农药,。,30~45%[31]。4.5 发泡性能14 生物技术通报Biotechnology Bulletin 20046Surfactin[32],Surfacin0.050.2mg/ml,BSA()。BSASurfactin。。14。15,C13。,SurfactinIturin,[33]。4.6 微生物采油、。。[34,35]。,、、、,。,C17、C18。5 ,,,。,,,。,,,,、,。1 KosaricN,CairnsWL.BiosurfactantsandBiotechnology.NY:MarcelDekkerInc,1987..2 JitemdraDD,IbrahimMB.MicrobioMolBiolRev,1997,61(1):47~64.3 ,,,.,2002,32(2):1~4.4 ,,.,2004,24(3)().5 AhimouaF,JacquesbP,DeleuaM.EnzymeandMicrobialTech-nology,2000,27:749~754.6 MichailMY,Wolf-RainerA,etal.BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa,1999,1438:273~280.7 BruceH,WilliamsYH,etal.JMassSpectrom,2002,37:259~264.8 JacquesP,HbidC,DestainJ,etal.ApplBiochem.Biotechnol,1999:223~233.9 LinSC,ChenYC,LinYM.JChromatogrA,1998,825(2):149~159.10 ArimaK,KakinumaA,TamuraG.BiochemBiophysResCom-mun,1968,1:488~494.11 KowallM,VaterJ,KlugeB,etal.JColloidInterfaceSci,1998,204(1):1~8.12 ChenYC,LinYM,LinSC.XingdaGongchengXuebao,1999,10(1):25~33.13 BaumgartF,KlugeB,etal.BiochemBiophysResCommun,1991,177:998~1005.14 GrangemardI,PeypouxF,WallachJ,etal.JPeptideSci,1997,3:145~154.15 GrangemardI,BonmatinJM,etal.JAntibiotics,1999,52:363~373.16 HorowitzS,GriffinWM.JIndMicrobiol,1991,7:45~52.17 NathalieH,LaurentS,OlivierL.RapidCommun.MassSpec-trom,2001,15(3):203~209.18 ,,.,2003,43(5):647~652.19 ,,,.,2004,62(19)().20 WeiYH,ChuIM.EnzymeMicrobTechnol,1998,22(8):724~728.21 WeiYH,ChuIM.BiotechnologyLetters,2002,24(6):479~482.22 MakkarRS,CameotraSS.JAmOilChemSoc,1997,74(7):887~889.23 ThompsonDN,FoxSL,BalaGA.ApplBiochemBiotechnol,2001,487~501.24 VeenanadigNK,GowthamanMK,KaranthNK.BioprocessEng,2000,22(2):95~99.25 DavisDA,LynchHC,VarleyJ.EnzymeMicrobTechnol,2001,28(4~5):346~354.26 VollenbroichD,OzelM,etal.Biologicals,1997,25(3):289~297.27 KrachtM,RokosH,OzelM,etal.JAntibiot,1999,52(7):613~619.28 MoyneAL,ShelbyR,etal.JApplMicrobiol,2001,90(4):622~629.29 MulliganCN,YongRN,etal.EnvironSciTechnol,1999,331520046 :(21):3812~3820.30 GrangemardI,WallachJ,etal.ApplBiochemBiotechnol,2001,90(3):199~210.31 AwasthiN,KumarA,etal.JEnvironSciHealthPartB,1999,B34(5):793~803.32 RazafindralamboH,PaquotM,Banie