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材料科学MaterialScience材料科学定义MaterialScienceDefinition强度Strength抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion&resistancedurability金属特性Specialmetallicfeatures抗敏感及环境保护Allergic,re-cycling&environmentalprotection化学元素Chemicalelement元素的原子序数AtomofElements原子及固体物质Atomandsolidmaterial原子的组织图AtomConstitutes周期表PeriodicTable原子键结合AtomBonding金属与合金MetalandAlloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous&NonFerrousMetal晶体结构，晶格及单位晶胞Crystalstructure,Spacelattice&Unitcell金属晶格Metalspacelattice晶格常数Latticeconstant米勒指数Mill'sIndex金相及相律MetalPhaseandPhaseRule固熔体Solidsolution置换型固熔体Substitutionaltypesolidsolution间隙固熔体Interstitialsolidsolution金属间化物Intermetalliccompound相变Transformation相变点TransformationPoint磁性相变MagneticTransformation同素相变AllotropicTransformation热平衡状态ThermalEquilibrium自由度Degreeoffreedom临界温度Criticaltemperature共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic亚共晶体HypoeutecticAlloy过共晶体HypereutecticAlloy塑性变形PlasticDeformation滑动面SlipPlan畸变Distortion晶体结构:晶胞中的原子数atomspercell,点阵lattice,阵点latticepoint,密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,体心立方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,晶系crystalsystem,相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:成核生长相变nucleation–growthtransition,有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition,马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation，成核势垒nucleationbarrier,晶核，结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix,子晶，雏晶mattedcrystal,耔晶，晶种seedcrystal,耔晶取向seedorientation,籽晶生长seededgrowth,均匀形核homogeneousnucleation,异质形核heterogeneousnucleation自恰场self-consistentfield缺陷defect,imperfection,点缺陷pointdefect,线缺陷linedefect,位错dislocation,位错排列dislocationarrangement,位错滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,位错聚结dislocationcoalescence,体积膨胀volumedilation,体积收缩volumeshrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenchinghardening,正火normalizing,normalization,人工时效artificialaging,回复CrystalRecovery再结晶Recrystallization形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,马氏体时效钢maragingsteel,渗碳体cementite,铁素体ferrite扩散系数diffusivity,烧结sintering,相图与相结构phasediagramsandphasestructures,吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction,相界phaseboundary,相界交联phaseboundarycrosslinking,共格相phase-coherent,相衬phasecontrast,相变滞后phasetransitionlag,显微结构microstructures,不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution,金属材料的性能及试验Properties&testingofmetal化学性能ChemicalProperties物理性能PhysicalProperties磁性Magnetism比电阻Specificresistivity&specificresistance比重Specificgravity&specificdensity电导率和电阻率conductivityandresistivity,应力和应变stressandstrain,弹性应变elasticstrain,塑性应变plasticstrain,最大抗拉强度ultimatetensilestrength,延展性ductility,伸长率elongation,断面收缩率reductionofarea,颈缩necking,断裂强度breakingstrength,韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatiguestrength,热脆性heatshortness,比热SpecificHeat热膨胀系数Coefficientofthermalexpansion热导率Heatconductivity屈服强度Yieldstrength屈服点yieldpoint弹性限度、elasticlimit,杨氏弹性系数Young'smoduleofelasticity金属材料的试验方法TheMethodofMetalinspection无损检验Non–destructiveinspections渗透探伤法Penetrateinspection磁粉探伤法Magneticparticleinspection放射线探伤法Radiographicinspection超声波探伤法Ultrasonicinspection显微观察法Microscopicinspection损伤检验DestructiveInspection冲击测试ImpactTest疲劳测试FatigueTest蠕变测试CreepTest蠕变强度CreepsStrength涡流检测eddycurrenttest应力松弛试验stressrelaxationtest声发射检测acousticemissioninspection第一蠕变期PrimaryCreep第二蠕变期SecondaryCreep钢铁的主要成份Themajorelementofsteel钢铁用碳之含量来分类ClassificationofSteelaccordingtoCarboncontents铁相SteelPhases钢铁的名称Nameofsteel铁素体Ferrite渗碳体Cementite奥氏体Austenite珠光体及共析钢Pearlite&Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢AusteniteCarbonSteel单相金属SinglePhaseMetal共析相变EutectoidTransformation连续铸造法Continuouscastingprocess电炉Electricfurnace均热炉Soakingpit镇静钢Killedsteel半镇静钢Semi-killedsteel沸腾钢Rimmedsteel钢铁生产流程SteelProductionFlowChart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧TheCasting,Fogging,Extrusion,Rolling&Steel冲剪Drawing&stamping特殊钢以元素分类ClassificationofSpecialSteelaccordingtoElement特殊钢以用途来分类ClassificationofSpecialSteelaccordingtoEndUsage易车(快削)不锈钢FreeCuttingStainlessSteel含铅易车钢LeadedFreeCuttingSteel含硫易车钢SulphuricFreeCuttingSteel淬透性Hardenability钢的脆性BrittlenessofSteel低温脆性Coldbrittleness回火脆性Temperbrittleness材料的加工性能Drawingability表面处理Surfacefinish冷轧(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表Endusages,industrialstandard,quality,conditionandhardnessofcoldrolledsteelstrip厚度及宽度公差ToleranceonThickness&Width弯度Camber防止生锈RustProtection生锈速度表Speedofrusting焊接Welding气焊GasWelding点焊Spotwelding滚焊Seamwelding埋弧焊Submerged-arcWelding电阻焊ResistanceWelding电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanizedSteelSheet/ElectrolyticZincCoatedSteelSheet上漆能力PaintAdhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接WeldingofElectro-galvanizedsteelsheet电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanizedSteelSheet分析测试方法X射线衍射:X-rayDiffraction(XRD)光学金相检验opticalmetallographicexamination光谱分析spectralanalysis吸收光谱仪absorptionspectrometer光谱学spectroscopy拉曼光谱(Ramanspectrum)红外光谱(Infraredspectrum)电子探针分析electronprobemicroanalysis电子显微镜分析electronmicroscopy扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)透射电子显微镜Transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)原子力显微镜atomforcemicroscopy(AFM)扫描隧道显微镜scanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM)能谱分析energydispersivespectroscopy(EDS)波谱分析wavedispersivespectroscopy(WDS)热分析thermalanalysis(TA)差热分析(differentialthermalanalysis)(DTA)差示扫描量热法(differentialscanningcalorimetry)（DSC）热重分析thermogravimetry(TG)热膨胀法thermaldilatometry(TD)X-ray光电子能谱photoelectronspectrum(XPS)紫外光电子能谱ultravioletphotoelectronspectrum