中小企业电子商务外文翻译

毕业论文材料：英文文献及译文课题名称：世纪风礼品公司电子商务模式研究专业工商管理学生姓名俞东班级工商112学号1110407220指导教师周俊兰专业系主任蔡建华完成日期二零一五年一月TheImpactofFinancialCrisisonB2Ce-CommerceFatemeGhadami,AbdollahAghaie,MortezaMohammadkhanABSTRACTManyexpertsbelievethattheglobalfinancialcrisisin2008istheworstofitskindsincetheGreatDepressionin1929.ThecrisiswasstartedfromhousingmarketintheUSandspreadquicklyintofinancialmarkets.Ithashadarippleeffectaroundtheworldandmanyotherindustrializedeconomiesweretroubledbyitsconsequencesandalmosteveryindustryhasbeeninfluencedbyitsoutcomes.Onlineretail(orB2Ce-Commerce)asapartofretailindustrywasnotimmunefromthefinancialcrisisanditssaleshasadramaticdecline.Inthispaperitisfoundthat3factorsaremainplayerswhichhaveimpactedononlineretailsalesincluding:lesscreditavailable;increasingsavingrateanddecreasingconsumptionexpendituresandfallingconsumerconfidenceandsentiment.Alsobyrepresentingseveralfiguresandtables,factorsaffectingthistrendsuchasageclass,incomeandgenderarediscussed.Keywords:FinancialCrisis,OnlineRetail,B2Ce-Commerce1.IntroductionTheyearof2008wasnotagoodyearforeconomy.Inthisyearmanycountriesweretroublingbyfinancialcrisis.ManyexpertsbelievethecrisiswasstartedfromhousingmarketintheUSandthenwasspreadintofinancialmarkets.Throughthiswaymanybanksandfinancialfirmsaroundtheglobewereaffectedbyconsequencesofthecrisis.ThehousingbubbleintheUnitedStatesgrewupalongsidethestockbubbleinthemid-90s.Increasinginstockpricesmadeunexpectedwealthforpeopleandtheystartedtospendthisextramoney.Thisledtotheconsumptionboomofthelate90s,withsavingrateoutofdisposableincomefallingfromcloseto5%inthemiddleofthedecadetojustover2%by2000[1].Thisextramoneyencouragespeopletobuybetterandbiggerhomes.Soitresultsinexceedingdemandthansupplybecauseintheshort-runthesupplyofhousingisrelativelyfixed.Thisincreaseindemandtriggeredhousingbubbleanditledtoanincreaseinprice.Thereforethehousepricegrewfrom1992to2005anditpeakedin2006.Afterthatbyburstingthehousingbubble,pricesstartedtodecline.Thesignsoffinancialcrisisappearbyhousingbubbleburstanddrasticdeclineinhousepriceswhichwerestartedin2007,andeventuallywiththefailure,mergerorconservatorshipofseverallargeUnitedState-basedfinancialfirmsitbecameprominentlyvisibleinSeptember2008.Thecrisishadarippleeffectaroundtheworldandmanyotherindustrializedeconomiesweretroubledbyitsconsequences.ItcausedadeeprecessionandmanybelievethecrisisistheworstofitskindsincetheGreatDepressionin1929.Outcomesofthecrisisarenotjustlimitedtofinancialandhousingmarkets.Itsconsequenceshavespreadaroundtheworldandaffectedalmostallaspectsofpeople’slives.Forexampleithasseveralsignificantsocioeconomicimpactssuchas:Increasingunemploymentrate:Byincidencethefinancialcrisis,companiestriedtoreducetheirexpensessoasasolutiontheycutthenumberoftheiremployees.Thereforethecrisisresultedinincreasinginunemploymentrate.Inflationordeflation:Thecrisishashadbothinflationaryanddeflationaryeffectsintheworld.Itcausespeoplehavelesscredittofinancetheirpurchasessobydiminishingtradesanddecreaseindemand,pricescomedown.Thissituationisnameddeflation.Ontheotherhandtorepelthecrisissomegovernmentsinjectsmoneyintosociety.SometimesthisdecisionhasinflationaryresultsasitcausedincreasinginflationrateinsomecountriesMoreover,thefinancialcrisishasinfluencedmajorindustriessuchasautomanufacturers,healthinsurance,tourismandetc.Anothermajorindustrywhichisinfluencedbythefinancialcrisisisretailindustry.Retailindustrycomposedof2mainsections:offlineortraditionalretailandonlineretail(businesstoconsumerorsimplyB2C).Inanotherpointofviewonlineretailisakindofe-CommercewhichcanbecategorizedundertheITindustry.Thispaperistryingtoinvestigatehowtheglobalfinancialcrisisin2008hasaffectedonlineretail.2.BackgroundSincetheglobalfinancialcrisisisarecentevent,thereisnoparticularacademicresearchaboutitsprobableeffectsone-Commerce,speciallyB2Ce-Commerceoronlineretail.Therearejustafewnewswebsitesormarketresearchwebsiteswhichhaveperformedresearchesrelatedtothistopic.ForexampleNYTIMES.comandForresterResearchInc.aretwomainwebsiteswhichhadsomeinformationabouttheimpactoffinancialcrisisone-Commerce.Accordingto[3]itwaspredictedthefinancialcrisiswouldnothaveanyvisibleimpactontechnologysector.ItwasexpectedjusInternetadvertisementcompaniesthatgotmuchoftheirbusinessfrommortgagebrokersandsomesoftwarecompanieswhichselltheirproducttofinancialservicescompanieswouldfacetrouble.ButafterawhileonOctober2008WallStreetJournalnotifiedthatthetechnologyindustrywhichhadseemedimmunetothefinancialcrisis,wassqueezedbecauseofslackeningdemandandcuttingcoststoprepareforaprolongeddownturn[4].CompanieslikeIntelinhardwaresectorandSAPinsoftwaresectorhavefacedsuchproblems.Also,toreducecostssomeothergiantcompanieslikeGoogle,YahooandeBayhavecutdownthenumberoftheiremployees.Altogether,itcanbesaidthetechnologysectorlikeotherindustriesisaffectedbytheconsequencesofthefinancialcrisis.Actuallythecrisishasaffectedcustomerbehaviorinmanyways.Ithaschangedcustomers’buyingpriority.3.StatisticsandAnalysisOccurrenceoffinancialcrisishasasignificantimpactontheUSeconomy.Increasingunemploymentra