高三语法总复习冠词

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高三语法复习冠词冠词的分类•冠词:不定冠词(a,an)•定冠词(the)•(零冠词)冠词的复习要点•一、冠词的分类•二、不定冠词的基本用法•三、不定冠词的特殊用法•四、定冠词的用法•五、零冠词的用法•六、冠词位置问题•七、惯用法辨析不定冠词的基本用法•1.在辅音音素开头的单数名词前用a,在原音音素开头的词前用an。如:•agirlaheroauniversity•anislandanhouranoldman•★Note:区分是按元音发音不是元音字母。•universityEuropeanunion•one-hundred-poundnoteuniform•houranhonestman•It’sanhonourtohaveyouhere.不定冠词的基本用法•2、不定冠词表示泛指•用在单数可数名词之前,泛指某一类人或物中的“任何一个”。(不定冠词与数词one同源,相当于汉语的“一”,但不强调数目概念。)例如:•HisfatherisanEnglishteacher.•Iamgoingtotellyouastory.•Acomradeiswaitingforyoudownstairs.•Imetanoldfriendonmywayhere.不定冠词的基本用法•3、和时间或度量衡名词连用,表示“每一”,例如:•Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.•Thetrainisrunningfiftymilesanhour.•Riceissoldatabout40fenakilo.不定冠词的特殊用法•1、不定冠词位于专有名词前,使专有名词普通化。表示某一个,相当于“acertain”。•AMr.Greenpaidavisittoyouthismorning.•Ican'trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleftthecity.IonlyrememberitwasaMonday.•例题:_____MrZhangiswaitingforyouintheoffice.Iseemtohaveseenhimin____newspaper.•A.A;/B.A;a•C./;/D.The;the答案选B.不定冠词的特殊用法•2、不定冠词位于抽象名词前,与抽象名词连用,使抽象名词具体化,表示“一场、一次、一件”。•1)表示情感的不可数名词前加不定冠词。•如:apleasure一件乐事,•asurprise一件令人惊讶的事,•ajoy一件高兴的事,•apity一件遗憾的事,•anhonour一个(件)引以为荣的人(事)。•Thelittleboyisajoytoherparents.•Whatapleasantsurpriseyougaveme!不定冠词的特殊用法•2)不可数名词danger/difficulty/disappointment/failure/help/success/wonder/pressure前加不定冠词表示“一个。。。的人或物”。•Thisexperimentisagreatsuccesstohumanbeings.•Heisafailureasateacher.不定冠词的特殊用法•3)不定冠词在某些物质名词前,表示“一份”、“一种”或“一阵/场”。如:acoffee/tea/frog/rain/snow/wind.•acoffee一份咖啡aredtea一种红茶astrongwing一阵大风•4)用于序数词前,表示“又一”。•例题:Giveit_____secondthoughtandyou’llfinditwisetoaccept___job.•A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a答案:C。asecondthought表示“再次考虑”。不定冠词的特殊用法•3.不定冠词运用于固定习语中。•havealookat•haveahistory(knowledge/population)of•haveawonderfultime•insuchahurry/inaminute•allofasuddenpayavisitto•makeitarulekeepaneyeon•givesbahanddosb.afavour•atadistance•receive/getaneducation不定冠词的特殊用法•inalow/highvoice•onceinawhile•asaresult•liveahappylife•have/takeaseat不定冠词的特殊用法•4.用于成对的名词前•acupandsaucer•ahorseandcart•aknifeandfork•ateacherandwriter•C.f.•araincoatandacamera不定冠词的特殊用法•5.“同一个,相同的”,相当于thesame.•Thetwostockingsareofasize,butofdifferentcolors.•这两只长筒袜大小一样,但颜色不同。•这种用法常用于of+a/an+n.结构中,表示某种具有相同大小,长短,高度,宽度,年龄,特征,颜色,材料,形状等特征的东西。不定冠词的特殊用法•6.用在某些由动词转化来的名词前,表示一次活动•Havealook•Takearest•Givealaugh•Makeachoice定冠词的用法•1、定冠词表示特指,用在单数可数名词、复数可数名词或不可数名词之前,表示某个(些)特定的人或物。(第二次提到的或者谈话双方都知道的)•定冠词与this(these),that(those)同源,有“这(这些)”或“那(那些)”的意思,但指示的意味较弱。例如:•Howdidyoulikethefilmthatwesawyesterday?(名词后面有过去分词短语、V-ing短语、介词短语或定语从句作定语时,其前通常要加定冠词the。•C.f.Thisisafilmthateveryonelikes.)定冠词的用法•ThebooksthatIborrowedhavebeenreturnedtothelibrary.•Ioughttohavewarnedyouofthedanger.•YesterdayIsawadog.Thedogwasrunningafteracat.Thecatranintoahole.定冠词的用法•2、在叙述词和形容词最高级前要用定冠词。例如:•Thefirsttime(that)IsawPremierZhouEnlaiwasin1958.•Couldyoutellmetheshortestwaytotherailwaystation?•★Note:•Thenhetriedasecondtime.•amostbeautifulcity定冠词的用法•3、用于指独一无二的自然界现象,或表示方位,左右等的名词之前。例如:•Whichisfartherfromtheearth,thesunorthemoon?•Thewindhaschangedtothesouth.•Turntotheleftandyouwillfindthepostoffice.•★[note]:•Shewasthefirstwomaninspace.定冠词的用法•4、定冠词与某些形容词或分词连用,表示某一类人或事物,如:•therichthepoortheold•theyoungthesicktheblind•thedeadthenewthedying•thewounded,etc•★[note]:作主语时,如指一类人,谓语用复数;如指抽象概念,谓语用单数。•TheEnglishoftendrinkbeerinpubs.(=Englishmenoftendrinkbeerinpubs.)•Thenewandprogressivealwaystriumphsovertheoldandobsolete(过时的).定冠词的用法•★Note:•the+单数可数名词表示一类人、物(整个类属)。例如:•Thewhaleisthebiggestofallanimals.•Whenisthetelephoneinvented?•Thecomputerhaschangedourlife.•Ahorseisausefulanimal.•Thehorseisausefulanimal.•Horsesareusefulanimals.定冠词的用法•but:下列情况不能用a/复数名词表示类别。•Thetigerisindangerofdyingout.•Thecomputerhaschangedourlife.•ThebaldeagleisusedasasymboloftheUSA.定冠词的用法•5、乐器前必须加定冠词。•playthepiano/guitar/violin•6、年代、时代、朝代前加定冠词。•inthe1870s•theMingDynasty•inthemoderntimes•7、由普通名词和另外一些词共同构成的许多专有名词前,通常用定冠词,如:•theUnitedStatesofAmerica•theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy•theBeijingRailwayStation•theBeijingNo.4HighSchool定冠词的用法•例题:Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis_____partthatitplayedin_____IndustrialRevolution.•A.不填;不填B.the;不填•C.the;theD.a;the•提示:IndustrialRevolution是由普通名词构成的专有名词,其前须用定冠词。答案:C定冠词的用法•8、江、河、湖、海、洋、山脉等的名称前•theYellowRiver•thePacificocean•theAlps•9、the+人名复数表示一家人•We’llhavetheSmithsoverthisweekend.定冠词的用法•10、用于固定句型中•1)beat/hit/knock/strikesb+in/onthe+人体部位•Iledthechildbythehand.•Thecruellandlordhitthefarmhandintheface.•Thepolicemangraspedthethiefbythesleeve.定冠词的用法•例题•WhenItoldhimhehadtobepaidby____hour,hebecomeangryandhitmeon___nose.•A.an;myB.the;the•C.an;theD./;a•提示:hitsbonthenose表示“打在某人的鼻子上”,用the。•答案:B.定冠词的用法•2)the+比较级,the+比较级,表示越来越……•例题:•____moreyouuseadictionary,____moreusefulitwillbecometoyou.•A.The;theB.The;/•C./;theD./;/•答案:A定冠词的用法•11、在很多习惯用语中须用定冠词,如:•Inthemorning(afternoon,evening,night,daytime,summertime,etc.)•gotothecinema(theatre,concert,opera,pictures,opera-house,music-hall,etc.)定冠词的用法•attheageoftheotherday•onthewaytowiththehelpof•makethebestuseof•putsbtothetroubleofdoingsth•beinthehabitofthetalkofthetown•attheverybeginning•bythehouratthesightof零冠词的用法•1、单个的专有名词(人名、地名机构名);物质名词、抽象名词和复数可数名词表示泛指或一般概念时,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