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十、非谓语动词考点概览考查角度考查频次动词不定式动词不定式的构成及特征;动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法★★★★★动名词动名词的构成及特征;动名词的基本用法★★★分词分词的构成;现在分词和过去分词的语法功能及用法区别★★考点一动词不定式【考点探究】Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided.A.togooutB.nottogooutC.tonotgooutD.notgoingout【用法表解】动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,我们主要掌握不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。功能说明主语动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语表语多数情况下,动词不定式作表语,可转换为作主语宾语只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语功能说明宾语补足语在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役动词后,不定式省略to定语不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致【温馨提示】有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to:feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have(简记为一感一听三看三让)。上述动词变为被动语态后,其后的不定式必须补上“to”。①Tomhelpedhisbrother(to)learntoswim.汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。变为被动语态:HisbrotherwashelpedtolearntoswimbyTom.②WeoftenhearJacksingEnglishsongs.我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。变为被动语态:JackisoftenheardtosingEnglishsongs.【巧学妙记】只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(词组)决心学会有希望(decide/determine,learn,wish/hope),同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend),胆敢拒绝会失败(dare,refuse,fail),准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try/manage,help),提供请求负担起(offer,beg/demand,afford),答应安排理应当(promise,arrange,besupposed),以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。考点二动名词【考点探究】—Timplayedtheguitarverywellintheschooltalentshow.—Ithinkso.Hepracticesiteveryday.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.plays【用法表解】动名词相当于名词、形容词,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃太多对你的健康有害处。谓语动词用单数宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。表示习惯性的动作Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是用来寄信的。功能例句说明表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语定语Billisinthereadingroom.比尔在阅览室里。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等【巧学妙记】后跟动名词作宾语的动词(词组)喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)习惯(beusedto)却完毕(finish)想要(feellike)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(can’thelp)还介意(mind)后接动词-ingMygrandfatherkepttellingjokesandIcouldn’thelplaughing.爷爷不停地讲笑话,我忍不住笑了。【温馨提示】部分动词既可接动名词作宾语,又可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别较大。rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事forgettodosth.忘了去做某事（未做）stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事needdoingsth.需要做某事（被动含义）needtodosth.需要去做某事（主动含义）trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事hear/seesb.doingsth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/seesb.dosth.听见/看见某人做了某事考点三分词【考点探究】1.WhenIpassedtheclassroom,Iheardagirlinit.A.singB.tosingC.sangD.singing2.Whenhearrivedattheoffice,hefoundalltheworkers.A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked【用法表解】1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。功能说明例句定语现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词①Doyouknowtheboyplayingfootball?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗?②Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercise.请交上你的书面练习。状语分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语①Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。②Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.从小山上看,我们的学校显得更美丽了。2.分词的句法功能功能说明例句表语现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示某种状态①Thenewsisexciting.这个消息令人兴奋。②I’minterestedinthebook.我对这本书感兴趣。补足语现在分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)①Don’tkeepmewaitingforalongtime.别让我等很长时间。②Ihadmyhaircutlastnight.昨天晚上我理发了。Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2013·安顺中考)Whynot(bring)yourcousinwithyoutovisitthemuseum?2.(2013·安顺中考)Anewplanbegan(form)inhermind.3.(2013·白银中考)Beconfidentof(pass)theexam.答案:1.bring2.toform3.passing4.(2012·泰州中考)TheOBISdoctoristrainingthelocaldoctorshow(deal)withtheblindness.5.(2012·崇左中考)Sometimeshespendshisweekend(fish).答案:4.todeal5.fishingⅡ.单项选择1.(2013·湛江中考)—Whynottotheparknow?—Goodidea!Let’sgo.A.goB.togoC.goesD.going【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:——现在为什么不去公园?——好主意!让我们去吧。whynot后跟动词原形。故选A。2.(2013·广州中考)Ialwaystellmystudentsontheroadbecauseit’sreallydangerous.A.nottoplayB.toplaynotC.notplayingD.notplay【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。不定式作tell的宾语补足语,构成tellsb.todosth.的结构。对不定式进行否定在to前加not,即tellsb.nottodosth.。故选A。3.(2013·苏州中考)Paulmadeanicecagethelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词用法。句意:保罗做了一个漂亮的笼子来饲养那只生病的小鸟,直到它会飞。此处非谓语动词作状语,表示目的,故用不定式。故选D。4.(2012·徐州中考)—WhynotJohnatoycarforhisbirthday?—Goodidea!Heiscrazyaboutcars.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。whynotdosth.“为什么不做某事”。故选A。5.(2012·盐城中考)—IsTominthenextroom?—Well,it’shardtosay.ButIheardhimloudlywhenIpassedbyjustnow.A.speakB.tospeakC.spokenD.speaking【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。hearsb.doingsth.“听见某人正在做某事”,现在分词作宾语补足语。全国中小学最大最全的教学课件资源网