高中英语名词性从句详细讲解[1]

名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(宾从)(表从)(定从)(主从)引导名词性从句的连接词：that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）whether,if（“是否”）不可省，不充当任何成分）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分.连词的特征：1.是否可以省略(that)2.连接作用3.是否有含义4.是否充当成分在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词that，whether;代词：who,what,which;副词：when,where,how,why等.1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)主语从句1.It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisnecessary/important/that…2.It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntousallthat….众所周知…3.It+be+名词＋that从句Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……4.It+不及物动词＋that从句Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……1_________intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount..(2005上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresCItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2006北京)A.ThisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis3.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_______ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.howExercises宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.宾语从句(作动词的宾语)(作介词的宾语)(作形容词的宾语)1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.2.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot”时；e.后接动词不定式时。Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Hetoldmethathe____________hisjob.(已经完成了工作)时态呼应否定转移我认为他不会来这里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()hadfinished宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：1.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC．ifD．for4Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.themABBC在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样表语从句1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.Theproblemis_________________________________Thisis____________________________.Itlooks____________________________.thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.asifitisgoingtorain.需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.【注意】whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。(1)Theywanttoknow_____dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_____.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisBCI.语序问题考点归纳D归纳在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用________的语序。陈述II.that与whether/if的选择：(1)_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.A.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?whether/ifthatthat表示是否时用__________,表示肯定时用_______归纳whether/ifthat1._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.3.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.that:what:_______只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义_______起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示“所……的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳III.that，what引导名词性从句的区别IVwhat与which的区别：1.Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where2.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andit’shardformetochoose____suitsmebest.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where归纳：1.充当成分2.含义区别AABⅤ.what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引导名词性从句的区别1.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，表示泛指，而____________________等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义，表特指。Whoever,whateverWho,what1.It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.whichB.ThatC.whateverD.allwhat2.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.A.whichB.ThatC.wh