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目录前言·····································································4正文·····································································51．工程概况······························································51.1项目背景······························································51.2原始资料······························································51.3设计主要内容······················································52．垃圾卫生填埋场场址选择············································52.1选择填埋场场址的基本原则······································52.2选址的程序···························································62.3地址的选定与所需容积··············································63.填埋方式································································83.1地下填埋方式························································83.2堆高填埋处置模式··················································84.填埋工艺与作业方式··················································84.1填埋工艺·······························································84.2土地处理·······························································94.3作业方式·······························································95.填埋场的防渗系统···················································105.1防渗层选择条件····················································95.2防渗材料····························································105.3防渗系统构造························································115.4场地防渗系统法案的选定··········································136.渗滤液的产生及收集处理·········································146.1垃圾渗滤液概念和来源·········································146.2渗滤液的水质特征及变化规律·····································156.3渗滤液收集系统······················································167.滤液收集系统的设计··················································177.1导流层································································177.2收集沟································································177.3多孔收集管···························································187.4集水池及提升系统··················································187.5调节池································································188.1渗滤液产生量的计算················································188.渗滤液的计算·························································188.2渗滤液调节池设计··················································199.填埋气体的产生与收集处理··········································209.1填埋气的组成························································209.2填埋气体产生量的预测··············································209.3填埋场气体的收集系统··············································219.4填埋场的导排方式及选择··········································239.5填埋场气体收集系统的设计与计算·······························2310.终场覆盖·····························································2310.1终场覆盖材料选择·················································2410.2终场覆盖设计·······················································2512.环境保护与检测······················································27设计总结··································································28参考文献··································································28致谢·······································································29前言《固体废弃物的处理与处置》课程设计不同于平时的作业，此次课程大作业是学生在完成教学计划规定的全部理论课程后进行的重要的实践教学环节，通过结合实际的工程设计，综合运用和深化所学专业理论知识，学会查找国家现行的有关规范、设计手册、标准图集等资料，培养独立工作的能力。以及分析、解决一般工程实际问题的能力，为今后毕业设计和实际工作奠定基础。在设计中需要学生自己做出决策，即自己确定方案、选择流程、查取资料、并对自己的选择做出论证和核算，经过反复的分析比较，择优选定最理想的方案和合理的设计。熟悉查阅文献资料、收集有关数据、正确选用公式。当缺乏必要数据时，尚需要自己通过实验测定或到生产现场进行实际查定。在兼顾技术上先进性、可行性，经济上合理性的前提下，综合分析设计任务要求，用精练的语言、简洁的文字、清晰的图表来表达自己的设计思想和计算结果。通过本课程大作业，使学生具有一定的调查研究、收集资料的能力；掌握城市垃圾填埋工艺设计的一般方法，巩固教学中所学知识，并学会将书本知识与实际应用相结合。具有一定的设计运算能力和一定的绘图能力。正文1．工程概况1.1项目背景随着城市的发展，人类生活水平的提高，城市生活垃圾产生量日益增加。人们的环保意识在逐渐提高，城市生活垃圾处理受到越来越多的重视。为了引导城市生活垃圾处理及污染防治技术发展，提高城市生活垃圾处理水平，促进社会、经济和环境的可持续发展，根据《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》，建设部、国家环保总局、科技部于2000年5月联合发布《城市生活垃圾处理及污染防治技术政策》，指出，卫生填埋是垃圾处理必不可少的最终处理手段，也是现阶段我国垃圾处理的主要方式。1.2原始资料1)某城市现状人口60万人，现状垃圾产量1.0-1.4kg/d·人，垃圾压实密度660kg/m3,垃圾场服务年限为10-20年。2)气象资料：该城市位于我国北方，地处中纬度平原地区，温带季风气候，四季分明，昼夜温差大，无霜期短，多年平均气温4-15℃。多年平均降雨量为480-620mm，日最大降雨量可达200mm。改成是夏季主导风向为东南风。3)厂址概况：填埋场库区周围汇水面积0.8km2.场底表土厚度0.6-4.6m不等，平均2.3m。土壤渗透系数为5.8*10-4m/s。长治地下水稳定水位平均埋深0.8m。4)距离填埋场4km出有城市污水处理厂，紧挨填埋场有水、电源及公路。1.3设计主要内容：城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场处理工程设计的主要内容包括：总平面布置（选址和场区总体设计等等），填埋工艺，防治工程，渗滤液收集导排工程，渗滤液处理工程，地下水、地表水导排处理工程，填埋气体收集与利用设计，封场工程，辅助工程（如绿化、道路等）等。2．垃圾卫生填埋场场址选择2.1选择填埋场场址的基本原则填埋场的选址总原则是应以合理的技术、经济方案，尽量少的投资，达到最理想的经济效益，实现保护环境的目的。必须加以考虑的因素有：运输距离、场址限制条件、可以使用的土地容积、入场道路、地形和土壤条件、气候、地表和水文条件、当地环境条件以及填埋场封场后场地是否可被利用。（1）运输距离：运输距离是选择填埋场地的重要因素，对废物管理系统起着重要作用。尽管运输距离越短越好，但也要综合考虑其他各个因素。（2）场址限制条件：场址至少应位于居民区1km（参照德国标准）以外或更远。（3）可用土地面积：填埋场场地应选择具有充足的可使用面积的地方，以利于满足废物综合处理长远发展规划的需要，应有利于二期工程或其他后续工程兴建使用。尽管没有填埋场大小的法律规定，填埋场地也要有足够的使用面积，包括一个适当大小的缓冲带，并且一个场地至少要运行五年。（4）出入场地道路：由于通常适合填埋场的场地不再城市已建的道路附近，因此，建设出入填埋场的道路和使用长距离的运输车成为填埋场选址的重要因素。（5）地形、地貌及土壤条件：不宜选址在地形坡度起伏变化大的地方和低洼汇水处，原则上的地形的自然坡度不应大于5%。（6）气候条件:填埋场场址的选择应考虑在温和季节的主导风向。（7）地表水水文:所选场地必须在百年一遇的地表水域的洪水标高泛滥区或最大洪泛区之外，或应在可预见的未来建设水库或人工蓄水淹没和保护区之外。填埋场的场地必须是位于饮用水保护区、水体和洪水区之外，并且必须在春潮区之外、泥炭沉积超过1m的沼泽区之外。还应建在地下水位以上。最佳的填埋场场址位置是在封闭的流域内，这对地下水资源造成的风险最小。（8）地质和水文地质条件：场址应选在渗透性弱的松散