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汽车automobile拖拉机tractor铁路机车locomotive有轨电车tram无轨电车trolley军用车辆militaryvehicle蒸汽机steamengine煤气机gasengine汽油机gasolineengine国民经济nationaleconomy国内生产总值(GDP)GrossDomesticProduction全拆散(CKD)CompletelyKnockDown半拆散(SKD)Semi-KnockDown改革开放reformandopening技术引进technicalimport国产化localization支柱产业pillarestate轿车car客车bus,coach货车truck,lorry公路用车roadvehicle非公路用车off-roadvehicle发动机engine机体enginebody曲柄连杆机构crank-connectingrodmechanism配气机构valvetimingmechanism供给系fuelsupplysystem冷却系coolingsystem润滑系lubricatingsystem点火系ignitionsystem起动系startingsystem底盘chassis传动系powertrain离合器clutch变速器gearbox传动轴propellershaft驱动桥driveaxle行驶系runninggear车架frame悬架suspension前轴frontaxle桥壳axlehousing车轮wheel转向系steeringsystem转向盘steeringwheel转向器steeringgear转向传动装置steeringlinkage助力装置powerassistingdevice制动系brakingsystem控制装置controldevice供能装置powersupplydevice传动装置transferdevice制动器brake车身body车前板制件frontendpanels车身壳体bodyshell车门door车窗window附属装置auxiliarydevice货箱carryingplatform发动机前置后轮驱动(FR)frontenginereardrive发动机前置前轮驱动(FF)frontenginefrontdrive发动机后置后轮驱动(RR)rearenginereardrive发动机中置后轮驱动(MR)midshipenginereardrive全轮驱动(nWD)allwheeldrive驱动力tractiveforce阻力resistance滚动阻力rollingresistance空气阻力airresistance,drag上坡阻力gradientresistance附着作用adhesion附着力adhesiveforce附着系数coefficientofadhesion第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机twostrokeengine四冲程发动机fourstrokeengine水冷发动机watercooledengine风冷发动机aircooledengine上止点(UDP)upperdeadpoint下止点(LDP)lowerdeadpoint活塞行程stroke汽缸直径bore工作容积workingvolume排量sweptvolume,displacement进气行程intakestroke压缩行程compressionstroke压缩比compressionratio做功行程workingstroke爆燃，敲缸detonation,knock排气行程exhauststroke示功图indicatingdiagram汽缸体cylinderblock汽缸盖cylinderhead油底壳oilsump活塞piston连杆connectingrod曲轴crankshaft飞轮flywheel进气门intakevalve排气门exhaustvalve挺柱tappet推杆pushrod摇臂rocker凸轮轴camshaft正时齿轮timinggear燃油箱fueltank燃油泵fuelpump汽油滤清器gasolinefilter化油器carburetor空气滤清器aircleaner进气管intakemanifold排气管exhaustmanifold火花塞sparkplug点火线圈ignitioncoil断电器breaker蓄电池storagebattery发电机generator水泵waterpump散热器radiator风扇fan放水阀drainvalve水套waterjacket分水管distributivepipe机油泵oilpump集滤器suctionfilter限压阀reliefvalve润滑油道oilpassage机油滤清器oilfilter机油冷却器oilcooler起动机startingmotor有效功率effectivepower有效转矩effectivetorque燃油消耗率specificfuelconsumption发动机转速特性enginespeedcharacteristic节气门开度throttlepercentage部分特性partialcharacteristic外特性outercharacteristic第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套cylindersleeve,cylinderliner发动机支承enginemounting活塞顶pistontop活塞头部pistonhead活塞裙pistonskirt开槽slot活塞环pistonring气环compressionring油环oilring环槽groove活塞销pistonpin主轴承mainbearing主轴承盖mainbearingcap主轴瓦mainshell连杆轴承bigendbearing连杆盖bigendcap起动爪crankingclaw带轮pulley平衡重counterweight发火顺序firingorder扭振减振器torsionalvibrationdamper第三章配气机构顶置气门(OHV)OverHeadValve顶置凸轮轴(OHC)OverHeadCamshaft单顶置凸轮轴(SOHC)SingleOverHeadCamshaft双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC)DualOverHeadCamshaft多气门发动机multi-valveengine气门间隙valveclearance配气相位timingphase气门杆valvestem气门座valveseat气门导管valveguide气门弹簧valvespring第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气combustionmixture消声器silencer,muffler汽油gasoline,petrol分馏distil蒸发性evaporatingproperty热值heatvalue抗爆性anti-knockproperty辛烷值(RON)ResearchOctaneNumber过量空气系数coefficientofexcessiveair理论混合气theoreticalmixture稀混合气thinmixture浓混合气thickmixture主供油系统mainsupplysystem怠速系统idlesystem加浓系统thickeningsystem加速系统acceleratingsystem浮子float浮子室floatchamber针阀needlevalve量孔meteringjet阻风门choke滤芯filtercartridge沉淀杯sedimentcup泵膜pumpdiaphragm油浴式oilbathtype石棉垫a**estospad预热pre-heating汽油直接喷射gasolinedirectinjection电控electroniccontrol多点喷射muti-pointinjection单点喷射singlepointinjection电路控制circuitcontrol分电器信号distributorsignal空气流量信号airflowsignal冷却水温信号watertemperaturesignal第五章柴油机供给系输油泵transferpump喷油泵fuelinjectionpump高压油管highpressurefuelpipe发火性ignitionproperty黏度viscosity凝点condensingpoint备燃期pri-combustionperiod速燃期rapidcombustionperiod缓燃期slowcombustionperiod燃烧室combustionchamber统一燃烧室unitedchamber球形燃烧室ballshapechamber涡流室turbulencechamber预燃室pri-combustionchamber喷油器injector精密偶件precisecouple柱塞plunger出油阀deliveryvalve调速器governor两速调速器twospeedgovernor全速调速器fullspeedgovernor定速调速器fixedspeedgovernor综合调速器combinedgovernor气动调速器pneumaticgovernor机械离心式调速器mechanicalcentrifugalgovernor复合式调速器complexgovernor喷油提前角调节装置advancer飞块flyweight联轴节coupling粗滤清器primaryfilter细滤清器secondaryfilter涡轮增压器turbocharger中间冷却器intermediatecooler第七章冷却系节温器thermostat防冻液anti-freezingliquid补偿水桶compensationreservoirV-带Vbelt百叶窗shutter大循环bigcirculation小循环smallcirculation散热翅片fins第八章润滑系润滑剂lubricant压力润滑pressurelubrication飞溅润滑splashlubrication润滑脂grease机油压力传感器oilpressuresensor油封oilseal旁通阀bypassvalve机油散热器oilcooler机油尺dipstick加机油口oilfiller曲轴箱通风crankcaseventilation第九章点火系一次绕组primarywinding二次绕组secondarywinding热敏电阻heatsensitiveresistance点火提前ignitionadvance分电器distributor活动触点movingcontact固定触点fixedcontact分火头distributorrotorarm电容器condenser点火提前装置ignitionadvancer离心式点火提前装置centrifugalignitionadvancer真空式点火提前装置vacuumignitionadvancer辛烷值校正器octanenumberrectifier中心电极centralelectrode侧电极sideelectrode瓷绝缘体ceramicinsulator跳火间隙sparkgap半导体点火系semi-conductorignitionsystem晶体管transistor二极管diode三极管triode无触点点火系non-contactignitionsystem霍尔效应Halleffect正极板anode负极板cathode隔板separator电解液electrolyte蓄电池格batterycell接线柱terminal电缆cable硅整流交流发电机siliconrectifiedA.C.motor转子rotor定子stator电刷brush风扇叶轮fanblade电压调节器voltageregulator第十章起动系手摇起动cr