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-1-Abstract:Thegraduationprojectisabridgecraneforthegraduationfieldworkdonebythetonnagelevelspecifictothedesign.AsChina'smanufacturingindustry,moreandmoreapplicationscranetowhichindustrialproduction.Carryaheavyloadinthefactory,machinepartsupanddown,theworkofliftingpartsofshipment,assemblylineworkshouldbefixedonthecraneisused.Thelargestnumberofspeciesofcranes,bothinthesizeofthefactoryintotheapplicationissmalltonnagecranes,bridgecranessmalltonnageoflightweightpartsforawiderangeoflifting,inChina'smachineryindustryplaysaveryimportantposition.However,ourcurrentapplication,orcopylargecranebehindthetechnologyproducedabroad,andhasbeenappliedinthefactoryformanyyears,andsame70to80yearsofproducts,bothinqualityorfunctionalityarenotgrowingtomeettheindustrialdemand.Howtodesignitthelowestcost,rationalizethelayout,functionmodernizationisthesubjectofourstudy.Thisdesignisforsmalltonnagebridgecranedesign,themaindesignelementsare16/3.2tcranestructureandoperationofinstitutions,includingthebridgestructure,calculationandcheckingthelayout,themainbeamstructurecalculationandchecking,endbeamscalculationandchecking,themainendbeamconnectandrunthecartandcheckingbodypartsofchoice.Keywords：Crane；Themovingmainframe；Bridge；Mainbeamandendbeam；Smalltonnage-2-目录错误!未指定书签。一概述··············································································11.单梁桥式起重机的工作方式················································12.单梁桥式起重机的机构特点················································13.桁架梁和箱的比较···························································14.LD型电动单梁桥式起重机各部件作用····································15.运行机构······································································36.发展趋势······································································47.工作条件及设计要求·························································48.型式及设计的构造特点······················································5二选择电动葫芦的型号规格·······················································6三主梁设计计算····································································61.主梁断面几何特性····························································62.主梁强度的计算·······························································73.主梁刚度的计算······························································104.主梁稳定性的计算·····························································12四端梁设计计算····································································121.轮距的确定·····································································122.端梁中央断面集合特点······················································133.起重机最大轮压······························································144.最大歪斜侧向力······························································195.断面中央断面合成压力······················································20五主、端梁连接计算·······························································201.主、端梁连接形成及受理分析··············································20-3-2.螺栓拉力的计算······························································20六大车运行机构设计计算··························································231.确定机构的传动方案·························································232.选择车轮和轨道，并验算车轮强度········································233.传动装置设计计算··························································244.验算电动机···································································255.设计减速装置································································27七起重机有关机构的安全装置···················································29八起重机的组装及试车要求······················································291.起重机的安装应注意的事项················································292.起重机的试车要求···························································30九设计小结·········································································31十参考文献·········································································33-1-一、概述起重机是具有起重吊钩或其它取物装置在空间内容实现垂直升降和水平运移重物的起重机械。LD型电动单梁桥式起重机为一般用途的起重机用于机械制造、装配、仓库等场所（此次设计的是用于机修车间）。是一种有轨运行的轻小型起重机，适用于额定起0.5～5.0吨,适用跨度4.5～16.5米，工作环境温度在-35℃～35℃范围内，LD型电动单梁桥式起重机不适于用来调运熔化金属﹑赤热金属、易燃品及其危险物品，也不适用于具有酸性或其它有腐蚀性化学气体的车间。1、单梁桥式起重机的工作方式：它安装在产房高出两侧的吊车梁上，整机可在吊车梁上铺设的轨道上横向行驶，起重小车沿小车轨道行驶（横向）。吊钩做升降运动，即与CD1型（或MD1）的电动葫芦配套使用完成重物的升降、平移等人们难以做到的需要。2、单梁桥式起重机机构的特点：主要有点是：结构简单、重量轻、对厂房的负荷小、建筑高度小、耗电少。主梁与端梁采用螺栓连接、拆装、运输和储存方便，补充备件方便、轮压小、工艺性好，适合采用自动焊接和流水作业加工，安装快，维修方便。缺点是起重量不大。3、桁架梁河箱形梁的比较桁架自重和挡风面积小、风阻力小、节省钢材；缺点是外形尺寸大，要求厂房建筑高度大，而且桥梁是由很多根不同型号和规格的杆件逐件焊接而成，费工、费钱。箱型梁的优点：外形尺寸小，用整块钢板焊成，便于下料和采用自动焊接，适合大批量生产；缺点是自重较大。4、LD型电动单梁桥式起重机各部件的作用（位结构）①主梁主梁是采用钢板压延成型的U型槽钢与工字钢组焊而成的箱型实腹梁。作用是支承着可移动的小车，并能沿铺设的专用轨道运行，将起重机的全部质量的重力传给厂房建筑结构。②端梁-2-由两种形式：一种是压制成形，在焊接车门那个箱形结构，适用于做中、小起重机吊钩桥式起重机的端梁；另一种是四块钢板拼成的箱形结构，通常配制带角形轴承箱的车轮组，但焊接工作量大，生产效率低于前种（本产品采用前一种）。③主梁和端梁的联接两种形式：一种是在主梁的两端，用法兰和高度的螺栓与端梁的法兰相连接。这种方式的优点是：主、端梁可以分批生产再组装，加工及库存的占地面积小、输送方便、费用较低。另一种形式是加连接板再焊接的方法联接。优点是：制造简单、装拆方便、成本低，是我国中、小起重机吊钩桥式起重机端梁和主梁的主要连接形式。④电动葫芦它是一种由电机驱动，经卷筒、滑轮或有巢链轮卷方起重机或起重链条，带动取物装置升降的轻小型起重设备。它具有体积小、重量轻、操作维修方便、价格低、安全可靠等特点，主要应用于起重量及工作范围要求不大或对工作速度要求不高的场合。将上部固定，可将起重设备单独使用或是通过小车悬挂在工字钢轨上运行，作电动单梁桥式起重机、龙门起重机、臂架型起重机的起重小车，使用作业面积扩大，使用场合增多，由于如此灵活，可作工厂、码头、仓库、货场等常用的起重设备。电