001国外乡村公路交通安全保障措施介绍

27820108JournalofHighwayandTransportationResearchandDevelopmentVol27No8Aug2010:10020268(2010)08012007:20081023:(2006318223101):(1976-),,,,,(jggao@riohcn)高建刚1,陈宏云1,许诺1,陈静云2(1,100088;2,100044):通过收集整理美国加拿大英国澳大利亚等国关于乡村公路交通安全保障方面的资料,以安全评价工程措施宣传教育立法执法速度管理和事故救援为主线,对乡村公路交通安全保障措施进行归纳分析结果表明:(1)乡村公路安全评价在交通安全保障过程中起着重要的先导作用;(2)乡村公路交通安全工程措施的低成本化对其可接受程度具有重要影响;(3)乡村公路交通安全宣传教育注重当地政府和社团组织的参与;(4)乡村公路交通安全立法和执法越来越受到重视;(5)乡村公路的速度管理关键在于限速值相对于道路环境的一致性;(6)对于乡村公路交通事故救援,除提高救援系统的响应速度外,加强本地救援能力也是发展方向之一;(7)稳定的资金支持是乡村公路交通安全科技研发数据积累宣传教育和工程实践的重要基础:交通工程;交通安全保障;文献综述;乡村公路:U49131:ARoadSafetyGuaranteeMeasuresofForeignRuralRoadsGAOJiangang1,CHENHongyun1,XUNuo1,CHENJingyun2(1ResearchInstituteofHighwayofMinistryofTransport,Beijing100088,China;2SchoolofTransportation,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing100044,China)Abstract:AccordingtotheliteraturesonruralroadsafetyguaranteesinUS,Canada,UKandAustralia,measuresforruralroadsafetyguaranteewereanalyzedwithemphasesonsafetyaudit,engineering,education,enforcement,speedmanagement,andemergencymedicalserviceTheanalysisforruralroadsafetyshowsthat(1)safetyauditplaysanimportantguideroleinenhancementsofruralroadsafety;(2)lowercostofengineeringmeasureshasanimportantinfluenceontheiracceptablerange;(3)localgovernmentsandcommunitiesshouldparticipateineducation;(4)legislationandenforcementispaidmoreandmoreattention;(5)thekeyofspeedmanagementisconsistencybetweenspeedlimitandroadenvironment;(6)oneeffortonemergencymedicalserviceistoimproveabilitiesofruraldoctorsandparamedicalpersonnelaswellasimproveresponsetoemergencycall;(7)stablefundingisacrucialbasisfortechnicalresearch,datacollection,educationandengineeringKeywords:trafficengineering;roadsafetyguarantee;literaturesummary;ruralroad0,,,;;80km/h,;,;;();,;;;,:;,,;,;,,;65;;,,,,1:(1);(2)[1],,(OECD),,35%[2-3],19942003591%[4]19992003,,54%[1],,,,[1]:,25%43%;,;,;,35%;,;,;,50%58%[1]:,33%48%,8%26%;,25%;,65%[1]:,50%;,8%10%;,10%35%;,20%;,4,40%60%,(1),20002002,36,27,30,,29,(),;118,,,14;,14;,23,3008g/ml[5](2),,,,300,77%,210,54%,40%,5%,1218,:FHWA(FederalHighwayAdministration),11ft12ft,186,11ft5100300[1,5](3)2002FHWA,77%39%,,54%,2%,,,78%,,93%[1,5](4),,,,,[1,5](5)911,,,,,,,,,[5],2004,SAFETEA(Safe,Accountable,Flexible,EfficientTransportationEquityAct),TEALU(TransportationEquityAct:ALegacyforusers),,,:(1)SAFETEA,,SAFETEA2%TEALU,008g/ml,TEALU2%8%(2)TEALU6a,675(3)SAFETEATEALU82(6)33(5),,,(4)SAFETEATEALU,,SAFETEA4500,TEALU2005200924003900,TEALUNHTSA(NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration)400,,(5)SAFETEATEALU45329,NCHRP(NationalCooperativeHighwayResearchProgram),(6)SAFETEA,,TEALU,(7)SAFETEA,911SAFETEA500,911,[5]FHWANHTSA,,,,19982003,FHWA40,(12227),142003,648,330NHTSA1998200327,,NHTSA(),[5],FHWA,,3,,,40,NHTSA2000!∀,,[5]20032004,NHTSA300,,NRHA(NationalRuralHealthAssociation)!∀,,NHTSAFirstThere,FirstCare(),,[5-6],FHWA4,,FHWA,,FHWA,,NHTSA2003NHTSA6900,;570,;300,[5],,,,,,,2016,,,,,,,,,,,,,200150,5453,,,300,,100,,7003,,,,[1,5-6]25mile/h(),[1,5-8]A&M1238,:[6]2,,(13%~41%)(15%~50%)(15%)(10%~60%),(14%~44%)(64%)(44%)[9-10,12],,30#1~60#1,20%~50%[10],,58%[9-11],,,,,,,[10,12],,!∀[9-10,12-13],4,,22%[9-10],CarTime1-2-3-4,[9-13],[9,11],,,[9,12],[11],[9],,,,,,,15%,(STEP,SelectiveTrafficEnforcementProgram),14%,,,17%71%[9-10,12],GPSGPS[9-10,12]3CPRE(CampaigntoProtectRuralEngland),,12427,,,,(SLOW),,,,,CPRE,,CPRE,,,,[14]TRL(TransportResearchLaboratory),,:(1),;(2),,,,THINK!Campaign,[2]Brake,,,30mile/h40mile/h,20mile/h,,[19],,,,30mile/h,1/5[16],,,,,,[2,15-16],TRL,1/3,1~14mile/h[2,16],[2],,,,,,[2,14],,,,Stiffkey,,,Starston,7mile/h[2],,14%~23%[2],(),,,,,,3~4,,Safe(r)RoutestoSchoolBetterWaystoSchool,[17],RoSPA(RoyalSocietyforthePreventionofAccidents),[17]41996,(FederalOfficeofRoadSafety,,AustralianTransportSafetyBureau)!∀,,,1258,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[2,20],,1998!∀!∀,,,,,,,100km/h,110km/h,:(1);(2)55m,[21]5(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6),,(7):References:[1]TheRoadInformationProgramofWashington,DC:GrowingTrafficinRuralAmerica:Safety,MobilityandEconomicChallengesinAmerica∃sHeartland[R]Washington,DC:TheRoadInformationProgramofWashington,DC,2005[2]HAMILTONK,KENNEDYJRuralRoadSafety:ALiteratureReview[R]Wokingham,Berks,UK:TRLLimited,2005[3]TransportCanadaCanada∃sRoadSafetyTargetsto2010[R]Ottawa:CanadianCouncilofMotorTransportAdministration,2001[4]NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationofUSDepartmentofTransportContrastingRuralandUrbanFatalCrashes,19942003[R]Springfiled,Virginia,US:NationalTechnicalInformationService,2005[5]UnitedStatesGeneralAccountingOfficeHighwaySafety:FederalandStateEffortstoAddressRuralRoadSafetyChallenges[R]Washington,DC:USGeneralAccountingOffice,2004[6]QUIROSL,SHAVERBRuralRoadLinks:AReviewonCurrentResearchProjects&InitiativesAimedatReducingVehicleCrashFatalitiesonRuralRoads[R]Oakland,CA,US:UniversityofCalifornia,2003[7]PennsylvaniaFarmBureauRuralRoadSafety:ItIsaMatterofLifeandDeath[R]CampHill,PA,US:PennsylvaniaFarmBureau,2006[8]OregonFarmBureauRuralRoadSafety:SharetheRoadSafety[R]Salem,Oregon,US:OregonFarmBureau,2006[9]FORBESGRuralRoadSafetySurvey2007[R]Intus,Canada:IntusRoadSafetyEngineeringInc,2007[10]CanadianCounc