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句子的成分MembersoftheSentence句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分，包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。主语TheSubject主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。主语一般在句首。GinaisfromAustralia.LucyisanAmericangirl.Sheoftengoestothemovies.WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.Theclassroomisveryclean.Threeplusfiveequalseight.ToteachthemEnglishismyjob.→ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型Gina,Lucy,She,We,Theclassroom,Threeplusfive,ToteachthemEnglish谓语ThePredicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。谓语一般在主语后面。Wearebothquiet.Hehasatoothache.Hisparentsareteachers.Shelookswell.Westudyhard.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakEnglish.arequiet;hasatoothache;areteachers;lookswell;study;havefinished;canspeak表语ThePredicative说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后面。Hermotherisabankclerk.Areyouready?Ourcountryisgettingstronger.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Theyareathomenow.Mybookisonthedesk.Everybodyishere.abankclerk;ready;gettingstronger;younger;athome;onthedesk;here宾语TheObject表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。一般在谓语之后。Allofuslikehim.He’splayingsoccer.CanIasksomequestions?Sheisplayingthepianonow.Heoftenhelpsme.Lucylikestosleepintheopenair.WeenjoylivinginChina.him;soccer;questions;thepiano;me;tosleep;living定语TheAttribute用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等充当。因为名词、代词既可做主语，又可做表语、宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。Ihavesomethingtodo.What’syourname,please?She’sagoodbasketballplayer.Thegirlbehindthetreeismysister.Thelittleboygavemeabigapple.Theblackbikeismine.Theymadepaperflower.todo;your;good;behindthetree;little,big;black;paper状语TheAdverbial用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语不定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。Peopleareallworkinghard.Beijingisnotverycoldinwinter.Hediditcarefully.Theywanttoseeherverybadly.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Suddenlyitbegantorain.Hesattheresmoking.all,hard;very,inwinter;carefully;badly;Withouthishelp;Suddenly;theresmoking补语英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补足语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份，主要由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等充当。Ifounditverydifficulttofindwork.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.WefoundLilyoutwhenwearrived.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Isawastrangerenterthebuilding.Ifyouletmego,Iwillmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.verydifficult;broken;out;working;enterthebuilding;king;openS+Link.V+P主+系+表S+Vi.主+谓S+Vt+O主+谓+宾S+Vt+Oi+Od主+谓+间接宾+直接宾S+Vt+O+C主+谓+宾+宾补1.主语+系动词+表语（S+Link.V+P），说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,aren'twe?2.主语+不及物动词(S+Vi.)Theystudyhard.注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。Thecaraccidentwashappenedyesterday.Youwillgraduatenextyear.Thesunrisesintheeast.3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）Ilikemyjobverymuch.Hegrewsomevegetables.Eachofyouhasadream.注：及物动词可用于被动语态Agreatdealofwaterisusedbypeopleinthatcity.Peopleuseagreatdealofwaterinthatcity.（主动语态）（被动语态）4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+Oi+Od)Whocanfindtheeraserforme?Passtheerasertome.bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,sing,save等。常跟双宾语的动词：Whocanfindmetheeraser?Passmetheeraser.Wesawhimjumpintothebox.Wesawthemdancing.Wesawhimknockeddown.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+C)注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。简单句的基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+不及物动词3.主语+及物动词+宾语4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语句子成分随堂练习找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.状主谓状Theplaywasveryinteresting.Theplaywasveryinteresting.主系状表Ican’thearaword.Ican’thearaword.主谓宾Theyweretalkingloudly.Theyweretalkingloudly.主谓状ItwasSunday.ItwasSunday.主系表InevergetupearlyonSundays.InevergetupearlyonSundays.主状谓状状Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.Ilookedattheyoungmanandthe主谓宾youngwomanangrily.宾状Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’t主谓定宾连主谓understandaword.谓宾Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.Myholidayspassedquickly,butI主谓状连主didn’tsendcardstomyfriends.谓宾宾Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.主谓状连谓定宾HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.Heisworkingforabigfirmandhehas主谓状连主谓alreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferent状谓定定placesinAustralia.宾定HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.Hehasjustboughtacarand主谓状谓宾连hasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltown谓状同位语inthecentreofAustralia.定Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreet主谓宾定onceamonthandalwaysasksfor状连状谓amealandaglassofbeer.宾