定语从句 (2)

修饰名词，代词的成分1.Heisanhonestboy.形容词作定语2.Weloveourcountry.代词作定语3.What’syourtelephonenumber?名词作定语4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.介词短语作定语5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.从句作定语(修饰,限定)定语（定语的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）定语从句：在英语复合句中，修饰句中的名词、代词的从句称为定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词或引导词关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why引导词ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.关系代词引导定语从句,连接主句从句代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分关系代词的三大功能1）2）3）HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.引导词先行词定语从句关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。不可省略TheboysareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Thosewanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanhadlosthisway.2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuisthepersonyoutalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboyIwanttosee.Thegirltheteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Themanyoumetjustnowismyoldfriend.whowhowho(whom)(who/whom)(whom)3．Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagameislikedbymostboys.Thefactorymakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.Thefilmtheywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.4．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplecometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Thepersonyouintroducedtomeisverykind.YesterdayIreceivedalettercamefromAustralia.whichwhich(which)that/who（that/whom)that/which（三）限制性定语从句中只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况：1．HaveyoutakendowneverythingMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothingisimpossibletohimintheworld.Allcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了。ThereislittleIcandoforyou.我不能为你干什么。Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationtheyneeded.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,等词修饰时。如：注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.thatthatthatthatthat2．ThefirstplacetheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstcomesintomindisTaiLake.thatthat当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时3．ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。4．ThisistheverydictionaryIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingheowns.ThisisthelastthingI’dliketodo.thatthatthatthat注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时。5．Whoisthemanisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。thatthat6．Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingstheyrememberedatschool被修饰成分为表语，或关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，关系代词用that当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。7.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerisstillfree.主句是therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that。8．That’sagoodbookwillhelpyoualot.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplaceitusedtobe.thatthatthatthat5．Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistnameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendfatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehouseroofhasfallenin.注意：whose+n.指物时常用下列结构来代替：the+n.ofwhich.Theclassroomisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookisyellow?Doyoulikethebookisyellow?whosewhosewhosewhosedoorthedoorofwhichwhosecoverthecoverofwhich（四）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.介词+which/whom;介词的确定e.g:Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.Thegardenerwascalledtotellthewayinwhichthepoordoghaddied.两个原则：定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。名词、代词、数词（分数/百分数）等词+of+which/whom的用法。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.