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BGP-4路由协议：9.4.1验证BGP基本功能9.4.2验证BGP报文信息正常发布和接收9.4.3验证BGP路由发布（network、静态、缺省）9.4.4验证BGP与IGP交互9.4.5BGP的路由聚合9.4.6BGPas-path的使用9.4.7BGProute-policy的使用9.4.8BGP路由反射器互通性测试9.4.9验证BGP负载分担和MED属性9.4.10BGP路由表容量测试验证BGP基本功能测试组网图：测试组：BGP-4路由协议测试项目：9.4.1、9.4.2、9.4.3、9.4.4、9.4.5、9.4.6、9.4.7、9.4.8、9.4.9、9.4.10测试目的：9.4.1、9.4.2、9.4.3、9.4.4、9.4.5、9.4.6、9.4.7、9.4.8、9.4.9、9.4.10测试步骤：1、按拓扑搭建网络2、配置R1/R2/R3/R4/R5/R6的IGP路由3、配置R1/R2/R3/R4/R5/R6的BGP邻居关系4、发布路由信息（network172.16.0.0/24network172.16.2.0/24、172.16.4.0、172.16.5.0）5、验证BGP基本功能6、验证BGP报文信息的正常收发和接收7、验证BGP路由发布（network、静态、缺省）8、验证BGP和IGP的交互9、BGP的路由聚合10、BGPas-path的使用11、BGProute-policy的使用12、BGP路由反射器互通性测试13、验证BGP负载分担和MED属性14、BGP路由表容量测试预期测试结果：测试准备：路由器、PC测试步骤和结果：步骤2：配置R1/R2/R3/R4/R5/R6的IGP路由在R1上：interfaceLoopback0ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.255ipospf1area0interfaceFastEthernet0/0ipaddress172.16.0.1255.255.255.0ipospf1area0interfaceEthernet1/0ipaddress172.16.1.5255.255.255.252ipospf1area0interfaceEthernet1/1ipaddress172.16.1.1255.255.255.252ipospf1area0在R2上：interfaceLoopback0ipaddress2.2.2.2255.255.255.255ipospf1area0interfaceFastEthernet0/0ipaddress172.16.2.1255.255.255.0ipospf1area0interfaceEthernet1/0ipaddress172.16.1.6255.255.255.252ipospf1area0interfaceEthernet1/1ipaddress172.16.1.9255.255.255.252ipospf1area0在R3上：interfaceLoopback0ipaddress3.3.3.3255.255.255.255ipospf1area0interfaceEthernet1/0ipaddress172.16.1.2255.255.255.252ipospf1area0interfaceEthernet1/1ipaddress172.16.1.13255.255.255.252routerospf1passive-interfaceE1/1在R4上：interfaceLoopback0ipaddress4.4.4.4255.255.255.255ipospf1area0interfaceEthernet1/0ipaddress172.16.1.10255.255.255.252ipospf1area0interfaceEthernet1/1ipaddress172.16.1.17255.255.255.252ipospf1area0routerospf1passive-interfaceE1/1在R5上：interfaceLoopback0ipaddress5.5.5.5255.255.255.255interfaceFastEthernet0/0ipaddress172.16.5.1255.255.255.0interfaceEthernet1/0ipaddress172.16.1.14255.255.255.252在R6上：interfaceLoopback0ipaddress6.6.6.6255.255.255.255interfaceFastEthernet0/0ipaddress172.16.4.1255.255.255.0interfaceEthernet1/0ipaddress172.16.1.18255.255.255.252步骤3：配置R1/R2/R3/R4/R5/R6的BGP邻居关系R1上：routerbgp65000nosynchronizationneighbor2.2.2.2remote-as65000neighbor2.2.2.2update-sourceLoopback0neighbor3.3.3.3remote-as65000neighbor3.3.3.3update-sourceLoopback0neighbor4.4.4.4remote-as65000neighbor4.4.4.4update-sourceLoopback0noauto-summary在R2上：routerbgp65000nosynchronizationneighbor1.1.1.1remote-as65000neighbor1.1.1.1update-sourceLoopback0neighbor3.3.3.3remote-as65000neighbor3.3.3.3update-sourceLoopback0neighbor4.4.4.4remote-as65000neighbor4.4.4.4update-sourceLoopback0noauto-summary在R3上：routerbgp65000nosynchronizationneighbor1.1.1.1remote-as65000neighbor1.1.1.1update-sourceLoopback0neighbor2.2.2.2remote-as65000neighbor2.2.2.2update-sourceLoopback0neighbor4.4.4.4remote-as65000neighbor4.4.4.4update-sourceLoopback0neighbor172.16.1.14remote-as65001noauto-summary在R4上：routerbgp65000nosynchronizationneighbor1.1.1.1remote-as65000neighbor1.1.1.1update-sourceLoopback0neighbor2.2.2.2remote-as65000neighbor2.2.2.2update-sourceLoopback0neighbor3.3.3.3remote-as65000neighbor3.3.3.3update-sourceLoopback0neighbor172.16.1.18remote-as65002noauto-summary在R5上：routerbgp65001nosynchronizationneighbor172.16.1.13remote-as65000noauto-summary在R6上：routerbgp65002nosynchronizationneighbor172.16.1.17remote-as65000noauto-summary步骤4：发布路由信息在R3上：network172.16.0.0mask255.255.255.0network172.16.2.0mask255.255.255.0在R4上：network172.16.0.0mask255.255.255.0network172.16.2.0mask255.255.255.0在R5上：Network172.16.5.0mask255.255.255.0在R6上：Network172.16.4.0mask255.255.255.0步骤5：验证BGP的基本功能showiproutebgpBGP被设计用于在自治系统之间交换路由信息，并且可以处理大量的路由条目。步骤6：验证BGP报文信息的正常发布和接收Keepalive报文Update报文步骤7：在R5使用network方式直接发布路由：Network172.16.5.0mask255.255.255.0//发布的条件是该IGP中存在该路由，才能发布出去在R3上：查看bgp信息库：showipbgp在R5上使用静态发布路由：创建静态路由：iproute192.168.0.0255.255.0.0null0Routebgp65001Network192.168.0.0mask255.255.0.0在R3上使用缺省方式发布路由：Neighborx.x.x.xdefault-originate对邻居发布缺省路由步骤8：验证BGP与IGP交互首先查看路由器R1的路由表：现在在路由R3上：将BGP的路由重发布到IGP中Routerospf1redistributebgp65000metric111subnets现在R1上就会出现E2OSPF外部路由然后再在R3上：将ospf路由发布到BGP中：Routerbgp65000redistributeospf1metric111在路由器R5上查看路由表：因为通过EBGP邻居发送路由信息给R5，所以R5也会学习到AS65000的ospf路由；步骤9：BGP的路由聚合路由聚合的两种方式：①先配置静态汇总路由，然后bgpnetwork发布②使用aggregate-address第一种方式：在R3上配置静态路由：iproute172.16.0.0255.255.252.0null0Routerbgp65000Network172.16.0.0mask255.255.252.0在R5上查看路由：在路由器R5上发现172.16.0.0/22的路由信息第二种方式：使用aggregate-address在R3上删除iproute172.16.0.0255.255.252.0null0Routerbgp65000Network172.16.0.0mask255.255.252.0然后在R3上Routerbgp65000aggregate-address172.16.0.0255.255.252.0在路由器R5上查看路由：在R5上有了172.16.0.0/22路由信息；还可以通过设置过滤子网；aggregate-address172.16.0.0255.255.252.0summary-only现在有关172.16.0.0/22网段的细化路由会被汇总掉步骤10：BGPas-path的使用1AS路径属性被BGP用来确保无环路。如果BGP路由器接收到一条路由，在此路由中它自己的AS是AS路径属性的一部分，那么它将不接收此路由。2AS号在路由通告给EBGP邻居时添加；向IBGP邻居通告路由的路由器不改变路径属性。根据拓扑图：分析172.16.5.0/24这条路由在路由器R6上看到的这条路由，经过as65000和as65001并且是as65001始发对于：172.16.4.0/24路由在路由器R6上看到的这条路由，说明是本地始发步骤11：BGProute-policy的使用Route-mapFilter-listPrefix-list/distribute-listNeighborX.X.X.Xdistribute-list{ACL/ACL名}[IN|OUT]NeighborX.X.X