巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26常用螺纹基础知识巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26目录第一章度量单位第二章螺纹的定义及分类第三章螺纹基本尺寸第四章螺纹的公差和旋合长度第五章我国常用螺纹的标记示例第六章螺纹的画法及其标注第七章螺纹零件的结构要素第八章螺纹紧固件的特点和应用第九章螺纹的旋向和辨别第十章螺纹的性能等级及典型加工工艺巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26第一章度量单位当今世界上长度计量单位主要有两种,一种为公制,计量单位为米(m)、厘米(cm)、毫米(mm)等,在欧州、我国及日本等东南亚地区使用较多,另一种为英制,计量单位主要为英寸(inch),相当于我国旧制的市寸,在美国、英国等欧美国家使用较多。1、公制计量:(10进制)1m=100cm=1000mm1cm=10mm2、英制计量:(8进制)1英寸=25.4mm=8英分例如:3/8×25.4=9.52mm英寸的细分单位:01/81/43/81/25/83/47/81inch1/163/165/167/169/1611/1613/1615/161/323/325/327/329/3211/3213/32……1/643/645/647/649/6411/6413/64……3、1/4以下的产品用番号来表示公称直径,如:4#,5#,6#,7#,8#,10#,12#巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26第二章螺纹的定义及分类螺纹是一种在固体外表面或内表面的截面上,有均匀螺旋线凸起的形状。根据其结构特点和用途可分为三大类:1、普通螺纹:牙形为三角形,用于连接或紧固零件。普通螺纹按螺距分为粗牙和细牙螺纹两种,细牙螺纹的连接强度较高。2、传动螺纹:牙形有梯形、矩形、锯形及三角形等。3、密封螺纹:用于密封连接,主要是管用螺纹、锥螺纹与锥管螺纹。种类代号特点应用国家标准普通螺纹M牙形:△;牙形角:600;一般连接用粗牙螺纹,细牙用于细小、薄壁或粗牙对强度有较大削弱的零件,也常用于受冲击和变载荷的连接中,另外也用于精密微调机构中。GB/T192-81GB/T193-81GB/T196-81GB/T197-81非螺纹密封的管螺纹G牙形:△;牙形角:550;公称直径近似为管子内径用于压力1.568MPa一下的水、煤气管路、润滑和电线管路系统GB/T7307-87巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26用于螺纹密封的管螺纹RcRpR牙形:△;牙形角:550;公称直径近似为管子内径,锥度1:16。锥/锥配合(内螺纹Rc,外螺纹R)用于中压、高温、高压系统;柱/锥配合(内螺纹Rp),用于低压,且需用填料密封GB/T7306-87600圆锥管螺纹NPT与550圆锥管螺纹相似,但牙形角为600用于汽车、拖拉机、航空机械、机床等燃料、油、水、气输送系统的管路联接GB/T12716-91米制锥螺纹ZM与550圆锥管螺纹相似,但牙形角为600用于气体、液体管路系统依靠螺纹密封的联接,水、煤气管道用管螺纹除外GB/T1415-92梯形螺纹Tr牙形为等腰梯形,牙形角为300,强度高,对中性好,易加工传动螺纹的主要形式,应用较广。常用于丝杆、刀架丝杆等GB/T5796-86巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26锯齿形螺纹B牙形为锯齿形;常用牙形角为330,其工作的牙型斜角为300,非工作面的牙型斜角为30。用于单向受力的传力螺纹GB/T13576-92矩形螺纹牙型为正方形,牙厚为螺距的一半,传动效率高,尚未标准化用于动力的传递和传导螺旋第三章、螺纹基本尺寸1、普通螺纹基本尺寸(GB/T196-81)H=0.866Pd2=d-0.6495Pd1=d-1.0825PD,d—内、外螺纹大径D2,d2—内、外螺纹中径D1,d1—内、外螺纹小径P—螺距巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26公称直径D,d螺距P小径D1,D130.50.352.4592.62140.70.53.2423.45950.80.54.1344.459610.754.9175.18881.2510.756.6476.9177.188101.51.2510.758.3768.6478.9179.188常用普通螺纹基本尺寸(GB/T196-81)公称直径D,d螺距P小径D1,D1121.751.51.25110.10610.37610.64710.9171421.5111.83512.37612.9171621.5113.83514.37614.917182.521.5115.29415.83516.37616.917巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26公称直径D,d11螺距P小径D1,D124321.5120.75221.83522.37622.91727321.5123.75224.83525.37625.91730321.5126.21127.83528.37628.917常用普通螺纹基本尺寸(GB/T196-81)巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/262、非螺纹密封的管螺纹基本尺寸(GB7307—87)H=0.960491PP=25.4/nH=0.640327PR=0.137329Pn:每25.4mm内的牙数D,d—内、外螺纹大径D2,d2—内、外螺纹中径D1,d1—内、外螺纹小径管螺纹的尺寸代号每25.4mm内的螺纹牙数n螺距P牙高h大径D=d小径D1=d11/4191.3370.85613.15711.4453/8191.3370.85616.66214.9501/2141.8141.16220.95518.6315/8141.8141.16222.91120.5873/4141.8141.16226.44124.1177/8141.8141.16230.20127.8771112.3091.47933.24930.29111/8112.3091.47937.89734.939巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/2611/4112.3091.47941.91038.95211/2112.3091.47947.80344.84513/4112.3091.47953.74650.7882112.3091.47958.13556.6563、用螺纹密封的管螺纹基本尺寸(GB7306—87)基准距离基面有效螺纹长度尺寸代号每25.4mm内的牙数螺距P牙高h基面上的直径基准距离有效螺纹长度大径D=d小径D1=d11/16280.9070.5817.7236.5614.06.51/8280.9070.5819.7288.5664.06.5D,d—基面上内、外螺纹大径D1,d1—基面上内、外螺纹小径D2,d2—基面上内、外螺纹中径圆柱内螺纹的牙型和尺寸与非螺纹密封的管螺纹相同巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/261/4191.3370.85613.15711.4456.09.73/8191.3370.85616.66214.9506.410.11/2141.8141.16220.95518.6318.213.23/4141.8141.16226.44124.1179.514.51112.3091.47933.24930.29110.416.811/4112.3091.47941.91038.95212.719.111/2112.3091.47947.80344.84512.719.12112.3091.47959.61456.65615.923.44、梯形螺纹基本尺寸(GB/T5796.3-86)P—螺距d—公称直径(外螺纹大径)d3—外螺纹小径D2,d2—内、外螺纹中径D1—内螺纹小径D4—内螺纹大径巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26公称直径d(外螺纹大径)螺距P外螺纹小径d3内、外螺纹中径D2,d2内螺纹大径D4内螺纹小径D181.56.27.258.36.5101.528.27.59.25910.310.58.5812239.58.51110.512.512.5109162413.511.5151416.516.51412202417.515.5191820.520.518162435820.518.51522.521.52024.524.525211916904121885.5777088848190.59192867872巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/261/4191.3370.85613.15711.4456.09.73/8191.3370.85616.66214.9506.410.11/2141.8141.16220.95518.6318.213.23/4141.8141.16226.44124.1179.514.51112.3091.47933.24930.29110.416.811/4112.3091.47941.91038.95212.719.111/2112.3091.47947.80344.84512.719.12112.3091.47959.61456.65615.923.4第四章螺纹的公差和旋合长度1、普通螺纹直径公差带的位置和大小·公差带内螺纹外螺纹中径D2小径D1大径d中径d2位置(基本偏差)G,He,f,g,h大小(公差等级)4,5,6,7,84,6,83,4,5,6,7,8,9巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/262、普通螺纹旋合长度(mm)公称直径D,d螺距P旋合长度·SNL>≤≤>≤>2.85.60.350.50.60.70.750.811.51.722.22.511.51.722.22.534.5566.77.534.5566.77.55.611.20.50.7511.251.51.62.43451.62.43454.77.1912154.77.19121511.222.40.50.751.82.71.82.75.48.15.48.1公称直径D,d螺距P旋合长度·SNL>≤≤>≤>11.222.411.251.51.7522.53.84.55.668103.84.55.6681011131618243011131618243022.4450.7511.5233.544.53.146.38.5121518213.146.38.5121518219.4121925364553639.412192536455363巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26注:①S—短旋合长度;N—中等旋合长度;L—长旋合长度;②一般情况下多选用中等旋合长度;③中等旋合长度“N”国标规定不标出,其他两种“S”“N”必须标注其代号;④特殊需要时,可用表示长度的数值代替旋合长度的代号。3、普通螺纹选用公差带螺纹精度内螺纹外螺纹选用原则SNLSNL精密4H4H5H5H6H(3h4h)*4h(5h4h)用于精密螺纹,当要求配合性质变动较小时采用中等*5H(5G)*6H(6G)*7H(7G)(5h6h)(5g6g)*6h,*6f*6g,*6e(7h6h)7g6g一般用途粗糙7H(7G)(8h)8g对精度要求不高或制造比较因困难时采用注:1)带“﹡”的公差带应优先选用;括号内的公差带尽可能不采用;2)大量生产的精度紧固件螺纹,推荐采用带方框的公差带。4、梯形螺纹选用公差带(中径)巨力工程部培训资料PreparedbyWilber2020/4/26精度内螺纹外螺纹选用原则NLNL中等7H8H7h,7e8e一般用途粗糙8H9H8e,8c9c对精度要求不高时采用5、梯形螺纹旋合长度(mm)公称直径D,d螺距P旋合长度NL>11.2~22.423458>8~24>11~32>15~4