development-by-comparison-and-contrast

DevelopmentbyComparisonandContrastComparisonandcontrastareoftenusedinparagraphorcompositionwriting.Thedifferencebetweenthetwoliesinthepoints:Comparison---similaritiesbetween2ormorepeopleorthingsofthesameclass;Contrast---differencesbetweenthem.WaysoforganizingparagraphsofcomparisonandcontrastBlockcomparison/contrast:ExaminingONEthingthoroughlyandthenstarttheother.A⑴---A⑵---A⑶---A⑷---A⑸;B⑴---B⑵---B⑶---B⑷---B⑸.Alternativecomparison/contrast:Examining2thingsatthesametime,discussingthempointbypoint.A⑴---B⑴;A⑵---B⑵;A⑶---B⑶;A⑷---B⑷;A⑸---B⑸.OrganizationAblockparagraph=Atopicsentence(PartyA）1stexample+details2ndexample+details3rdexample+details(PartyB）1stexample+details2ndexample+details3rdexample+detailsAnalternatingparagraph=Atopicsentence1stexamplePartyA+detailsPartyB+details2ndexamplePartyA+detailsPartyB+details3rdexamplePartyA+detailsPartyB+detailsRulestofollowItemsbeingcompared/contrastedmustbe:Ofthesameprinciple;Ofthesametype;Ofthesamenumber:nomore,noless;Ofthesameorder.Comparison/contrastsampleparagraphsTherearesomedistinctsimilaritiesbetweenfastfoodandhomecookedmeals.Firstly,theyaresimilarinthattheybothprovideavarietyofchoices.Thereareanumberofselectionsavailableinrestaurants;salads,burgers,sandwichesandmore.Similarly,iftheingredientsareavailable,anythingcanbecookedinyourownkitchen.Anothersimilarityisthateachcanberelativelyinexpensive.Fastfoodcanbeverycheapsincemanymealsareunderfivedollars.Inthesameway,homecookedmealsalsocanbereasonableespeciallyiftheingredientsarecarefullyconsideredforthecost.Thirdly,bothfastfoodandhomecookedmealscanbedelicious.Weknowthatmanypeopleenjoythetasteoffastfoodbecauseitispopulararoundtheworld.Likewise,homecookedmealscancertainlybedelectableiftheyarepreparedjustasyoulikethem.Althoughthereareanumberofsimilarities,thereareseveraldifferencesbetweenfastfoodandhomecookedmeals.Thefirstdifferenceisthatfastfoodisgenerallymorefatteningsinceoilisfrequentlyusedinthecookingprocess.Incontrast,thefatcontentcanbecontrolledinhomecooking.Anotherprominentdifferenceistheamountoftimethateachtakes.Fastfoodisobviouslyquicksincemenusarelimitedandanumberofstaffareinvolvedinthepreparationandcookingprocess.However,homecookedmealstakelongertocompletesinceonepersonisusuallyresponsiblefortheentiremeal.Thethirddifferenceisconvenience.Fastfoodisready-madeandalwaysavailablewhereashomecookedmealsarenotinstant.EventhoughArizonaandRhodeIslandarebothstatesoftheU.S.,theyarestrikinglydifferentinmanyways.Tobeginwith,thephysicalsizeofeachstateisdifferent.Arizonaislarge,havinganareaof114,000squaremiles,whereasRhodeIslandisonlyaboutatenththesize,havinganareaofonly1,214squaremiles.Anotherdifferenceisinthesizeofthepopulationofeachstate.Arizonahasaboutfourmillionpeoplelivinginit,butRhodeIslandhaslessthanonemillion.Thetwostatesalsodifferinthekindsofnaturalenvironmentsthateachhas.Forexample,Arizonaisaverydrystate,consistingoflargedesertareasthatdonotreceivemuchrainfalleveryyear.However,RhodeIslandislocatedinatemperatezoneandreceivesanaverageof44inchesofraineachyea.Inaddition,whileArizonaisalandlockedstateandthushasnoseashore,RhodeIslandliesontheAtlanticoceananddoeshaveasignificantcoastline.TransitionsiForsimilarities:like,similarto,also,similarly,inthesamemanner,likewise,equally;iiFordifferences:differentfrom,unlike,incontrast,contrastedwith,onthecontrary,however,instead,although,yet,eventhough,still,though,but,nevertheless,conversely,regardless,despite,inspiteof,while,whereas,ontheotherhand.ⅲforsummaryorconclusion:allinall,inconclusion,inshort,insummary,onthewhole,thatis,therefore,tosumupWordsforsimilarities:alike,comparableresemble,Resemblance,correspondence,likenessEg.FrenchmethodshaveaclosecorrespondencewithBritishmethods.ThereisaclosecorrespondencebetweenthewaytheydothisinFranceandinBritain.Theirdifferencesaremorenoticeablethantheirsimilarities.Theresemblancebetweenthetwinsisstriking.Hebearsaremarkableresemblancetohismother.Thetwosystemsarealikeinmanyways.TheplanetPlutoiscomparableinsizetothemoon.Thesalaryiscomparableto/withthatofajuniordoctor.Wordsfordifferences:dissimilar,distinct,dissimilarity,variation,distinction,disparity,gapdiffer,vary,Eg.ChineseandEnglisharetwoentirelydistinctlanguages.Childhoodisdistinctfromadolescence.Moralconceptsvarybetweencultures.TherearegreatdisparitiesbetweenChinaandWesterncountriesinideas,attitudes,contentsandfunctionsoffoodcultures.Citiesarenormallyverycrowdedplacesascomparedtocountryside.ThenoticeabledifferencebetweenAandBisTheenvironmentandthepeoplearewheremostofthesedifferencescouldbefound.Howtointroduceacomparison/contrasttopic?Yourintroductionshouldopengenerally(withaquotation,anecdote,generalizationetc.),andleadintothethesisstatement.Refertothefollowingexamples.HighSchoolversusCollegelifeAttendingcollegeisashockingdifferencecomparedtohighschool.Oftenwetendtolookbackathighschool,wishingthingswerethesameincollege.Studentsrealizenowthattheyareattendingamorematureinstitutionmakingthemrealizetheyhavebiggerresponsibilities.Thedifferencesinhighschoolversuscollegeconsistofpersonalf