参加四大笔试前必做的Verbal-Reasoning-Test1-Solutions[1]

1’sonechildpolicyremainsinforcetodayandislikelytocontinueforanotherdecade.China’spopulationcontrolpolicyhasattractedcriticismbecauseofthemannerinwhichitisenforced,andalsobecauseofitssocialrepercussions.SupportersoftheChinesegovernment’spolicyconsideritanecessarymeasuretocurbextremeoverpopulation,whichhasresultedinareductionofanestimated300millionpeopleinitsfirsttwentyyears.Notonlyisareducedpopulationenvironmentallybeneficial,italsoincreasesChina’spercapitagrossdomesticproduct.Theone-childpolicyhasledtoadisparateratioofmalestofemales–withabortion,abandonmentandinfanticideoffemaleinfantsresultingfromaculturalpreferenceforsons.Furthermore,Draconianmeasuressuchasforcedsterilizationarestronglyopposedbycriticsasaviolationofhumanreproductionrights.Theone-childpolicyisenforcedstrictlyinurbanareas,whereasinprovincialregionsfinesareimposedonfamilieswithmorethanonechild.Therearealsoexceptionstotherules–forexample,ethnicminorities.Arulealsoallowscoupleswithoutsiblingstohavetwochildren–aprovisionwhichappliestomillionsofsibling-freeadultsnowofchild-bearingage.Q1China’sone-childpolicyincreasesthecountry’swealth.TrueFalseCannotsayThefourthsentencestatesthatthepolicyincreasesChina’spercapitagrossdomesticproduct,howeverthisisjustoneeconomicindicatorandisbasedonoutputperperson.Thepassagedoesnottellusifoverall,thecountryasawholehasincreasedwealthduetotheonechildpolicy.Sincethepassagedoesnottelluseitherway,wemustrespondCannotSay.Q2Thepassagesuggeststhattwo-childfamilieswilldramaticallyincrease,assibling-freeadultsreachchild-bearingage.TrueFalseCannotsayThelastsentencemerelypresentsthefactthatmillionsorsibling-freecouplesareabletohavetwochildren,anddoesnotspeculateastotheimplications.Q3ThemaincriticismofChina’sone-childpolicyisthatitviolateshumanrights.TrueFalseCannotsayThesecondsentencestatesthatboththepolicy’smannerofenforcementanditssocialrepercussionsarecriticised–butdoesnotstatewhichisthemaincriticism.Sobasedontheinformationwearegiven,wecannotsay.3’sruralareas.TrueFalseCannotsayWhilethe7thsentencestatesthatthepolicyisenforcedlessstrictlyinprovincialregions,comparativefiguresarenotprovided.Onemightdeducethisstatementislikelygivenwhatwearetold,butwearenottoldexplicitlyifthisistrueorfalse,thereforewecannotsay.Q5ThegeneralpreferenceamongChineseparentsisformalebabies.TrueFalseCannotsayThefifthsentencetellsusthat“adisparateratioofmalestofemales”istheresultof“aculturalpreferenceforsons”.Whilstitmightbeimpossibletomakeassumptionsaboutwhateachparent’spreferenceis,thekeywordinthestatementin“general”whichmeanswecanlookattheoveralltrend,inthiscasetowardssons.4–orsovereignty–thoughlessthantenpercentwillsuccessfullyachievethisstatus.Federallyrecognisedtribeshavetherighttoself-government,andarealsoeligibleforfederalassistanceprogrammes.Exemptfromstateandlocaljurisdiction,tribesmayenforcetheirownlaws,requesttaxbreaksandcontrolregulatoryactivities.Therearehoweverlimitationstotheirsovereigntyincluding,amongstothers,theabilitytomakewarandcreatecurrency.Historically,tribesweregrantedfederalrecognitionthroughtreatiesorbyexecutiveorder.Since1978however,thishasbeenreplacedbyalengthyandstringentregulatoryprocesswhichrequirestribesapplyingforfederalrecognitiontofulfilsevencriteria,suchasanthropologicalandhistoricalevidence.Oneofthecomplicationsregardingfederalrecognitionisthelegaldefinitionof“Indian”.Previously,racialcriteria,tribalrecordsandpersonalaffidavitswereusedtoclassifyAmericanIndians.Sincethe1970s,however,therehasbeenashifttotheuseofapoliticaldefinition–requiringmembershipinafederallyrecognizedtribeinordertoqualifyforbenefits,suchasloansandeducationalgrants.Thisdefinition,however,excludesmanyindividualsofNativeAmericanheritagewhoarenottribalmembers.Q6Thereareonlytwoexemptionstoafederallyrecognizedtribe’spowersofself-government.TrueFalseCannotsayThefifthsentencestatesthatthereare“limitations”andcitestwo“amongstothers”.Sowearetoldtherearemorethantwolimitations.Q7Demandforfederalrecognitionishighbecauseitisaprerequisiteforbenefitprogrammes.TrueFalseCannotsayThepassagedoesnotspecifywhyhundredsofgroupsareseekingfederalrecognition.Eventhoughonemightpostulatedemandisduetoreceivingbenefits,thepassagedoesnottellusthisisorisnotthecase,sowecannotsay.5“lengthyandstringentregulatoryprocess”in1978howeverthepassagedoesnottellushowdifficultitwasbeforetheintroductionofthisprocess.InordertorespondeitherTrueorFalsewewouldneedtoknowaboutbeforeandafter1978todrawacomparison,butwedonotsowemustrespondCannotsay.Q9Federallyrecogn