我国中小企业信用担保体系的发展探析

I我国中小企业信用担保体系的发展探析2005级国贸易本科樊晓乐摘要：研究如何完善中小企业信用担保体系，对于解决长期困扰我国中小企业的融资瓶颈问题，对尽快走出国际经济金融危机有重要意义。本文经过对信用担保的理论认识之后，结合我国中小企业信用担保体系的发展现状和美国、日本两个信用担保发展非常成熟的国家的经验借鉴，探析了我国中小企业信用担保发展过程中产生的问题，特别探讨了信用担保体系自身存在的缺陷，提出必须合理、全面的认识担保体系的经济效应以及因中小企业信用担保体系自身缺陷产生的不良影响。论文从行业立法、风险分散与控制、信用担保机构自身经营和信用担保体系固有缺陷这四个方面提出了相应的对策或建议。关键词：中小企业；信用担保体系；现状；问题；对策IITheanalysisoftheDevelopmentofCreditGuaranteeSystemforSmallandMediumEnterprisesinChinaAbstract:Thestudyofimprovingthecreditguaranteesystemforsmallandmediumenterprises(SMEs)hasanimportantsignificanceinsolvingthelong-termfinancingbottleneckproblemsofSMEsandmovingawayfromtheinternationalfinancialcrisis.Throughtheoreticalunderstandingofcreditguarantee,thispapercombinedthestatusquoofChina'sSMEscreditguaranteesystemandtheexperienceoftheUnitedStatesandJapan,thecreditguaranteeofwhichhasdevelopedverymaturely.ThenanalyzedtheproblemsexistingduringthedevelopmentofChina'screditguaranteesystemforSMEs,focusedinparticularonthecreditguaranteesystemfortheirownshortcomings,pointedoutthatwemustunderstandtheeconomiceffectsofacreditguaranteesystemreasonableandcomprehensivelysothatwecanminimizeadverseeffectswhichiscausedbySMEscreditguaranteesystemfortheirownshortcomings.Thispaperraisedcorrespondingmeasuresorproposalsinfouraspects,includingIndustrylegislation,spreadandcontroloftherisks,theself-operatingofcreditguaranteeagencies,andtheinherentdeficienciesofthecreditguaranteesystem.Keywords:smallandmediumenterprises；creditguaranteesystem；statusquo；problems；countermeasuresIII目录一、导言...................................................................................................................1（一）为什么要研究中小企业信用担保..........................................................1（二）研究中小企业信用担保的意义..............................................................1（三）目前的研究状况及本文的研究思路和方法...........................................11.目前的研究状况......................................................................................12.本文的研究思路......................................................................................23.本文的研究方法......................................................................................3二、中小企业信用担保的理论认识.........................................................................3（一）有关中小企业信用担保体系的概念界定...............................................31.中小企业..................................................................................................32.信用担保..................................................................................................4(二)中小企业资金配置中的市场失灵和市场缺陷...........................................41.市场势力...................................................................................................42.外部性.......................................................................................................43.混合物品...................................................................................................4（三）中小企业信贷市场的逆向选择与道德风险担保理论............................5三、我国中小企业担保体系的发展及现状.............................................................5（一）我国中小企业信用担保体系建设的发展历程.......................................5（二）我国中小企业信用担保体系的现状.......................................................71.基本情况...................................................................................................72.“一体两翼”架构及三种运营模式........................................................8四、发达国家中小企业担保行业的发展特点及经验借鉴......................................9（一）日本中小企业担保.................................................................................91.基本情况...................................................................................................92.对我国中小企业担保的启示..................................................................11（二）美国中小企业担保...............................................................................111.基本情况.................................................................................................112.对我国中小企业担保的启示..................................................................12五、我国中小企业担保体系存在问题及对策建议................................................13IV（一）行业立法方面.......................................................................................131.中小企业信用担保方面的法律法规还不健全......................................132.对策建议.................................................................................................13（二）风险分散和风险控制方面....................................................................131.缺乏有效的担保风险防范和补偿机制...................................................132.对策建议.................................................................................................14（三）信用担保机构自身经营方面................................................................141.存在问题.................................................................................................142.对策建议.................................................................................................14（四）信用担保体系自身存在的问题............................................................151.信用担保体系无法解决信贷市场中的信息不对称问题........................152.我国担保市场缺乏有效需求......................