搜索
©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2003)0120014204VLBI1,3,2,3(1.,430077;2.,527300;3.,450052):,601000km,,VLBI,,VLBI;;VLBI:;;;VLBI:P228:A,,,,;()(),,70km(1000km),,,X,,,,,D(5090km)E(90140km)F1(140210km)F2(2101000km)H+(1000km)DF1,EF2,,,VLBI,,,VLBI,1vp,VLBI,vg[1]vg=vp-5vp5,ng=np+f5np5f(1),c;;npngnp[1]:n2p=1-x/{1-iz-(ysin)22(1-x-iz)(ysin)44(1-x-iz)+(ycos)2}1/2(2):2002206203;:2002211220:(40174002);(40125013):(1967-),,,,,20120033JournalofInstituteofSurveyingandMappingVol.20No.1Mar.2003©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.=(Q2Ne420m0)1/2fb=QB2m0x=f2pf2,y=fbf,z=fc2f,f,f(81808689MHz)f(22002300MHz);fp;fb;fc;Q=1.602110-19C;Ne(/m3);0=8.85910-12;m0=9.109610-31kg;B;;np[2]np=1-K1Nef-2K2Ne(H0cos)f-3-K3(Ne)2f-4(3)K1=Q2820m0K2=0Q31630m20K3=Q4128420m20,0;H0,fpfb10MHz1.4MHz,fc,(2)(3)np=1-K1Nef-2(4)(1)ng=1+K1Nef-2(5)K1=40.28m3s-2,[3]ion=svr(n-1)ds+sds-Rdr(6),ds;dr;[1]tb=67.7(dNedh)2D3sin2icos3i1f4(7),dNedh300kmNe;D(1000km);i(5)(6)ion=K1f2svrNeds=K1f2TEC(8)TEC,,1m2,,ETECTECVTEC=TECVS(E)(9)S(E)TEC,2BentIRIKlobucharBent1000km,TECBent31,TEC,IRI,1978(USRI)(COSPAR)(IRI1978)1000km,,IRI80IRI86IRI90,TECVLBIKlobuchar,Tg,[3,4]511:VLBI©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.=(1.57542f)2DC,(1.57542f)2(DC+Acos2P(t-TP)),(10),DC;t;fGHz;TP=14h;A;P,A=3i=0i(m)iP=3i=0i(m)i(11),m350kmP1;ii,5(370)x=2P(t-TP)cosx=1-x22+x424(12)(10)Tg=(1.57542f)2DC,|x|2(1.57542f)2DC+A(1-x22+x424),|x|2(13)[5]DC=2+3(FS-6090)(14a)A=19-m4+(FS-6090)13+5cos(m-33)(14b),m;FS;P32h()P1m,1)PP1=90-E-sin-1(RR+HP1cosE)(15),R;HP1P1(HP1=350km)(15),[5]Feess[6]2)P1=sin-1(sinPcos+cosPsincosA)(16)P1=P+sin-1(sinsinAcosP1)(17),PP;A3)P1m=sin-1sinP1sinN+cosP1cosNcos(P1-N)(18a),N=78.4N,N=291.0E[7]m=P1+11.6cos(P1-291.0)(18b)4)P1t=UT+P115(h)(19)(12)(13)(14)Tg,ETgTg(E)=TgS(E)(20)3S(E)ZP1,R,HP1P1,[8]S(E)=1cosZ=1sin(E+)=secsin-1(RR+HP1cosE)(21)VLBI[5]S(E)=secsin-1(0.94792cosE)(22)(15)cos(+E)=RcosER+HP1(21)LINS(E)=1-(RcosER+HP1)2-1/2(23)[9]S(E)=P1-(RcosER+HP1)2-1/2P=sin(5+50),E5sin(E+50),5E401,E40(24)612003©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.)Klobuchar(1986)S(E)=1.0+16.0(0.53-E)3(rad)(25)S(E)=1.0+2.0(96-E90)3()(26)2)FanselowandSovers(1985)[10]S(E)=(R2sin2E+2Rh2+h22)1/2-(R2sin2E+2Rh1+h21)1/2/(h2-h1)(27)h2=HP1+70(km)h1=HP1-35(km),,20%40%,VLBI,,4f1f2(8),ion(f1)=K1f21TECion(f2)=K1f22TECt2-t1=K1TECc(1f22-1f21)K1TECc=f21f22f21-f22(t2-t1)(28),tion(f1)=f22f21-f22(t2-t1)tion(f2)=f21f21-f22(t2-t1)(29)S/XVLBI,,1mmVLBI,JPLMASTERFITGSFCCALC,5(29),,,,FritzKBrunner(1991),(3)K2K3,(VLBI,GPSGPS)GPSVLBI,,VLBI,GPS,:[1].GPS[J].,1992,(4).[2],,.[M].:,1998.[3].GPS[D].:,2001.[4]KlobucharJA.IonosphericEffactsonGPS[J].GPSWorld,1991,2(4):48251.[5].VLBI[D].:,1991.[6]FeessWA,StephensSG.EvalutionofGPSIonosphericTime2De2layModel[J].IEEETransactionsonaerospaceandelectronicsys2tems,1987,23(3).[7],,.[M].:,1993.[8].GPS[M].:,1994.[9].GPS[J].,1998,(1).[10]FanselowJL,SoversOJ.ObservationModelandParameterPar2tialsfortheJPLVLBIParameterEstimationSoftwareMASTER2FIT2V2.0[R].JPL2PB2832392REV21,1985.(21)711:VLBI©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1],,.GPS[J].,2002,(8).[2].GPS[J].,1993,(3).[3],.[M].:,1993.[4],.GPS[M].:,1999.TheProblemsDiscussionAboutApplicationsofGPStoEngineeringControlSurveyingJUXiang2ming1,XUZhong2yang1,LIJun2ling2(1.InstituteofSurveyingandMapping,InformationEngineeringUniversity,Zhengzhou450052,China;2.HenanRemoteSensingandSurveyinginstitute,Zhengzhou450003,China)Abstract:AccordingtofeaturesoftheengineeringcontrolnetandGPSapplicationsinengineeringsurveying,thispaperhasdiscussedseveralproblemsinapplicationsofGPStoengineeringcontrolsurveying,suchaserrorofsatelliteorbitandtheinfluenceofknownpointtoGPSbaselinesolution;combiningGPSwithTPSandobservationdatacombinedhandlingetc.ThegivenconclusionprovidesvaluablereferencestoGPSusedinengineeringcontrolsurveying.Keywords:GPS;totalstationopticalelectronictachemetrictheodolite;engineeringcontrolnetwork;combinedadjustment(17)ResearchontheIonosphereDelaysCorrectionModelforVLBIObservationZHANGHan2wei1,3,PANGuan2song2,MAGao2feng3(1.InstituteofGeodesyandGeophysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan430077,China;2.UrbanPlanningBureauofYunfuCityGuangdongProvince,Yunfu527300,China;3.InstituteofSurveyingandMapping,InformationEngineeringUniversity,Zhengzhou450052,China)Abstract:Ionosphereisanionizedareaintheatmospherewithheightfrom601000km.Whenelectromagneticwavesignalstraversetheionosphere,itstransmittingvelocitywillchangeanditstransmittingpathwillcurve.Consequently,thetransmittingdelayofsignalsmultipliedbythevelocityoflightinthevacuumisnotequaltothegeometricdistancebetweenthesignalsourceandthesiteontheground.AstoVLBIobservations,theerrorsderivedfromiono2sphererefractioncanattainto100meters.Inthispaper,onthebasisofthetransmittingprincipleofelectromagneticwavetheVLBIobservationdelayde2rivedfromthetransmitting