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Unit1GreatScientistsWhatdotheyhaveincommon?Theyarescientists.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?Doyouknow?•Whodiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?•Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?ArchimedesCharlesDarwin•Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?ThomasNewcomen•Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?GregorMendel•Whodiscoveredradium?•Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?•Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?MadameCurieThomasEdisonLeonardodaVinci•Whoinventedalamptokeepminersafeunderground?•Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?•Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?SirHumphreyDavyZhangHengStephenHawkingWhatdoyouknowaboutcholera?Pre-readingItisakindofterriblediseasecausedbydrinkingdirtywateranditcausedalotofdeathsintheoldtimesanditwasverydifficulttodefeat.Itinfectspeople’sintestines(肠道),causingdiarrhoea(腹泻),vomiting(呕吐)anddehydration(脱水)Whendiseasesbreakout,whatshouldpeopledo?Doyouknowwhodefeated“KingCholera”?JohnSnow约翰.斯诺ReadingJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.B.Thecaseofcholerawaspollutedwater.C.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D.HowJohnSnowcollected,analyseddataandfoundthecauseofthediseaseandsolvedit.1.JohnSnowbecameinspiredwhen____.(1)A.hebecameawell-knowndoctorinLondon.B.heattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.C.hethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.D.hefoundthecauseofcholeraanddefeated“KingCholera”.Scanning•2.ThereasonwhyJohnSnowusedthemapinhisresearchwasthatwithitshelp____.•A.hewouldn’tlosehisway•B.hecouldfindoutthehousesinBroadStreetandCambridgeStreeteasily.•C.hecouldfindoutwhatcausedtheoutbreakofcholera•D.hecouldfindouthowmanypeopledied.•3.Whydidsuchhousesas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreethavenodeaths?Because_____.(Para.4)•A.peoplethereweregivenfreebeerandtheyhadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.•B.peopletherehadknownthatthewaterwaspollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.•C.thediseasebegantoslowdowninBroadStreetandCambridgeStreet.•D.peopleinthesefamiliesweremuchstrongerthanthoseneartheBroadStreetpump.•4.Thefollowingmeasuresshouldbetakentopreventcholeraexcept______.•A.alwaysdrinkbeer•B.instructingthewatercompaniesnottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore•C.examiningallwatersupplies•D.findingnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaterPara.1Findaproblem.JohnSnowwasandoctorinLondonwhoQueenVictoriaasherpersonal.Hethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopletocholera.Thoughthecauseandtheofitwereunknown,hewantedtofacetheandsolvetheproblem.expertattendedphysicianexposedcurechallengeReadingcarefullyWhatcausedcholera?Whatistheproblem?Para.2Makeaquestion:ReadingcarefullyTwotheories(ideas):1.Choleramultipliedintheair.2.Peopleabsorbeditintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Para.3ThinkofamethodReadingcarefully1.Whathappenedin1854?2.Howmanypeoplediedin10days?3.WhatdidJohnSnowdoatthattime?CholeraoutbreakhitLondon.Morethan500.Hesuspectedthesecondtheorywasrightandbeganhisenquiry.AmapofBroadStreetWhatmethoddidheuse?Manydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.PublichousePara.4CollectresultsReadingcarefullyThesefamilieshadnotdrunkthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblameforcholera.？Para.5AnalysetheresultsReadingcarefully1.Whathappenedtothepumpwater?2.whatdidthepeopledo？ThewaterwasfromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.Removethehandlefromthewaterpumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Para.6FindsupportingevidenceReadingcarefullyWhat’stheextraevidence?Awomanandherdaughterwholivedfarawaybutdrankthewateralsodied.Para.7drawaconclusionReadingcarefully•Topreventcholerafromspreadingagain,whatdidJohnSnowdo?①Suggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexamined.②Instructedthewatercompaniesnottoexposepeopletothepollutedwateranymore.Thepollutedwatercausedcholera.DrawaconclusionFindaproblemMakeaquestionThinkofamethodCollectresultsAnalysetheresultsPara1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6FindsupportingevidencePara7Review7stepsthatJohnSnowtookSummery:JohnSnowwasawell-known_____inLondoninthe___century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainordertohelppeople______tocholera.In1854whenacholera____out,hebegantogatherinformation.He______onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_____ofallwatersupplybe_______andnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.doctor19thcauseexposedbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamined