(对应学生用书P159)议论文(一)议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的常用文体,它通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非,来表达作者的见解和主张。中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文,是一种限定的写作,其论点、论据和论证都比较明确,考生可以结合题目要求,阐述相关的观点,切忌随意发挥。写好议论文要注意以下几个方面:1.把握好议论文的三要素:论点、论据和论证。论点要明确,论据要充分,论证要严密。2.选用合适的论证方法。常用的论证方法有:归纳法(从分析典型即分析个别事物入手,找出事物的共同特点,然后得出结论);推理法(从一般原理出发,对个别事物进行说明、分析,然后得出结论);对照法(把正反两方面进行对照,然后加以分析,得出结论);驳论法(先列出错误的观点,然后逐条加以批驳,最后阐明自己的观点)等。3.掌握议论文的一般结构:引子,正文,结论。4.运用起关联作用的词语,能使文章脉络更加清晰,逻辑关系更加顺畅。【常用关联词】表示平行、对等或选择关系and,aswellas,togetherwith,notonly...butalso...表示转折关系but,however,inspiteof,although,otherwise,while表示对比关系onthecontrary,insteadof,ononehand...ontheotherhand...,itisclearthat...表示因果关系so,therefore,asaresult(of),because,owingto,dueto,thanksto表示时间、顺序关系first,second...,then,next,finally,foronething...foranother,intheend表示递进、强调关系moreover,besides,what’smore,inaddition,worsestill,aboveall,what’sworse,tomakethematterworse表示解释、说明关系suchas,forexample,forinstance(例如),inotherwords,andsoon表示结论inshort,inbrief,inaword,ingeneral,onthewhole,inconclusion,tosumup【常用句式】Itisobviousthat...Soclear/obviousisitthattherearequitedifferentopinionsthat...Eachcoinhastwosides.Thereasonfor/why...isthat...Thisisbecause...That’swhy...Thereisnodoubtthat...Indealingwith...,onecannotbutadmitthat...Onlyinthisway/bydoingthiscanwe...AsfarasIamconcerned.../Inmyopinion(view)/Frommypointofview/Ithink...(2011湖北高考)请根据以下提示,结合你校园生活中的一个事例,就与人合作这一话题,用英语写一篇短文。Workingingroupsatschoolisanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutteamwork.Teamworkshowsushowotherpeople’srolesfitthepurposeofthegroup,anditteachesustobepatientandhowtorespondtodifferentpeople.注意:1.无须写标题,不得照抄英语提示语;2.除诗歌外,文体不限;3.内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例;4.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称;5.词数为100左右。【信息解读】1.体裁:本文属于提纲类作文,从体裁上看属于夹叙夹议。2.人称和时态:该文要求结合自己的事例,因此主人称为第一人称;文章介绍的事例为已经发生的事情,因此主时态为一般过去时。3.要点:本文是夹叙夹议的文章,最好分为三部分来写作。文章开头提出话题,点明与人合作的重要性。中间一段是本文的核心段落,需要叙述能够证明teamwork重要性的事例;最后一段照应开头,进一步阐明话题。【写作模板】提出话题⇒Ihavelearnedfromschoollifethat.../Yearsofschoollifehastaughtmethat...事例能够证明与人合作的重要性⇒Ididn’trealizeitsimportanceuntil.../Notuntil...didIrealiseitsimportance./Itwasn’tuntil...thatIrealiseditsimportance.AtfirstI...,Asaresult,...Then,...Thus/So...照应开头,再次点题⇒It’sworkinginteamsratherthanonmyownthat.../Onlybyworkinginteamscan...【自主试笔】Onepossibleversion:Yearsofschoollifehastaughtmealotof_things,of_which_teamwork_is_the_most_important_for_me.Infact,Ididn’t_realize_its_importance_until_I_was_chosen_monitorofmyclassinmyseniormiddleschool.At_first,Ididmostofthedutiesmyselfwhileotherstudentscaredlittleaboutclassactivities.Asaresult,Iwastiredoutanddepressed.ThenIturnedtomyteacherandheadvisedmetocooperatewithothers.ThusIbegantorecognizethestrengthsofmyclassmatesandhaveeveryonedo_their_partinclass.It_is_working_in_teams_instead_of_on_my_own_that_has_freed_me_of_trouble_and_made_my_work_more__efficient.