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简单句的扩展(对应学生用书P42)五种基本句式是构成文章的基础。要想提高写作水平，还必须会写复合句。我们要在简单句的基础上充分利用形容词、副词、定语从句和状语从句等来充实句子。1．由简单句到并列句，实现基本扩展在两个或多个简单句之间加上and，or，but等并列连词，或加上分号，把简单句变成并列句，从而使句子的连贯性更强，表达也更为贴切、自然。如：Tomisourmonitornow.Hecametoourschoollastyear.→Tomcametoourschoollastyearandheisourmonitornow.(把意义松散的两个句子合为一体，句意连贯性更强了)→Tomcametoourschoollastyear；heisourmonitornow.(通过标点符号，也能达到异曲同工之效)TomisgoodatEnglish.Hedoesn’tdowellinChinese.→TomisgoodatEnglish，buthedoesn’tdowellinChinese.→TomisgoodatEnglish；hedoesn’tdowellinChinese.Tommissedthebus.Hewasn’tsorryforthat.→Tommissedthebus，buthewasn’tsorryforthat.→Tommissedthebus；hewasn’tsorryforthat，though.Tomdoeshishomeworkintheclassroom.Hesometimesdoeshishomeworkathome.→Tomdoeshishomeworkeitherintheclassroomorathome.→Tomusuallydoeshishomeworkintheclassroom，orathomesometimes.2．由简单句到复合句，实现过渡扩展只要给一个简单句任意加上一个从句(尤其是定语从句和状语从句)，复合句即可生成，表达出更多或更复杂的意义，从而有效地避免简单句松散、单一的表达形式。如：Themeetingcametoanend.我们试加一个定语从句：Themeetingthattheyheldinourclassroomcametoanend.我们试加一个状语从句：Whenwearrived，themeetingcometoanend.或：Themeetingcametoanendthoughitwasstillearly.或：BeforeIcouldspeakanything，themeetingcametoanend.如此等等，不胜枚举。只要我们善于扩充，适度添加单词、短语或从句，句子就会更富有表现力。3．着意添加成分，实现高级扩展如果我们给一个简单句着意添加一些附加成分，句子的扩展性则会更强。我们以“他上学来晚了”为中心句，便可尝试添加附加信息：他昨晚熬夜了；他没赶上车；他没耽误第一节课；不然他就赶上第一节课了。这样，我们便会有以下句子：Hestayeduplastnight，sohecametoschoollate.Hecametoschoollatebecausehestayeduplatelastnight.Hemissedthebus，sohecametoschoollate.Hemissedthebus，buthedidn’tmissthefirstclass.Hemissedthebus，orhewouldn’thavemissedthefirstclass.4．运用修辞手法，实现自由扩展只要有几个句子罗列出现，句与句之间便有一定的关系。如果我们想表达承接、转折、因果、递进等关系，扩展句子时，就可以根据语义自由选择恰当的关联词。用于不同功能的这类词汇有：并列：and，aswellas，also，both...and等；选择：or，either...or，neither...nor，otherwise等；原因：because，for，as，since，owingto，dueto等；结果：so，therefore，thus，asaresult等；时间：when，before，later，first，andthen，next等；比较：onthecontrary，foranotherthing等；转折：but，yet，however，although，inspiteof等；递进：besides，even，what’smore，inaddition等；举例：forexample，suchas，like，namely等；总结：inshort，ingeneral，inaword，tosumup等。如：Tomsawabird.Thebirdwaswounded.Hetookthebirdtothezoo.Theworkersinthezoopraisedhim.Hearrivedhomelate.Hewashappy.以上虽然都是简单句，但Tom的行为线索还是非常清晰的。不过，这样表达，句子显得松散，意思不够连贯。假如我们适当地添加关联词和运用一定的修辞手段，便可把Tom的活动串成一段更加连贯的文字了：Tomsawawoundedbird，sohetookthebirdtothezoo.Theworkersinthezoopraisedhim.Thoughhecamehomelate，hewashappy.如此表述，句子之间承接自然，句意连贯，远比单纯的简单句叙述得地道、贴切。不过，如果我们再大胆添加一些成分或关联词、过渡句，则会变成一段内容丰富的短文。Onthewayhome，Tom，ourmonitor，sawawoundedbirdthatseemedtobedying.Withouttheslightesthesitation，hetookthebirdtothezoonearbyassoonaspossible.Havingknownwhathadhappened，alltheworkersinthezoopraisedTomforhisdeeploveforbirds.Tomdidn’tgohomeuntilthebirdwassavedandtreatedproperlyinthezoo.Itwasverylatewhenhearrivedhome，buthewashappyindeed.一、按要求扩写下面的简单句(可以有不同的答案)Theboyisplaying.1．加宾语答案：Theboyisplayingcomputergames.2．加状语答案：Theboyisplayingcomputergameshappilyandexcitedly.3．给主语加定语答案：Theboywhoplayedtruantisplayingcomputergameshappilyandexcitedly.4．给宾语加定语答案：Theboywhoplayedtruantishappilyplayingcomputergameswhichareveryinterestingtohim.5．TomwaswatchingTV.答案：Tom，comingbacklatefromschool，waswatchingTV，whichquicklymadehimfeelrelaxed.二、请用括号中所给的提示词，把两句话连接成一句1．Hewastired.Hewenttobed.(so)答案：Hewastired，sohewenttobed.2．Thechildhidbehindhismother’sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.(for)答案：Thechildhidbehindhismother’sskirt，forhewasafraidofthedog.3．Hebrushedhisteeth.Hewenttobed.(and)答案：Hebrushedhisteethandwenttobed.4．Tomislazy.Tom’ssisterworkshard.(but)答案：Tomislazy，buthissisterworkshard.5．Feathersfallslowly.Stonesfallmuchfaster.(while)答案：Feathersfallslowlywhilestonesfallmuchfaster.6．Youcanleave.Youhavefinishedyourhomework.(when)答案：Youcanleavewhenyouhavefinishedyourhomework.7．Jackisanengineer.Jack’sbrotherteachesphysics.(whose)答案：Jack，whosebrotherteachesphysics，isanengineer.8．Thebookisstillintheplace.Youputthebookintheplace.(where)答案：Thebookisstillintheplacewhereyouputit./Thebookisstillwhereyouputit.9．Wedidn’thavesupper.Hecameback.(until)答案：Wedidn’thavesupperuntilhecameback.10．AnnaspeaksFrench.AnnawritesherreportsinFrench.(notonly...butalso)答案：AnnanotonlyspeaksFrench，butalsowritesherreportsinit.