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第九讲定语从句定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点，也是历年高考的热点。命题者常把重点放在对基本的关系代词和关系副词的考查上，尤其要注意关系词whose，where，when在定语从句中的用法。另外，which和as引导的非限制性定语从句以及定语从句中的介词提前也是命题的热点。关系词的选择是高考考查的重点。做好定语从句的有关试题，必须牢记三要点：1．分析从句是否为定语从句，而这在很大程度上取决于整句的逻辑含义。2．分析定语从句的成分，看从句是否缺主语、宾语或状语等，因为引导(关系)词在定语从句中是必须充当一定成分的(或主语、或宾语、或状语等)。3．观察先行词的特点：指人或是指物；或是指人又指物；是否被某些特殊词所限定、修饰，句子结构是否特别。考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分典句示例关系代词与关系副词的判定.who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)Theboywhoisstandingthereismycousin.whom人宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)Theman(whom)youmetyesterdayisMrSmith.whose(＝the＋名词＋ofwhom/which＝ofwhom/which＋the＋名词)人或物定语Doyouknowtheboywhosefather(thefatherofwhom)isanengineer？Helivesinahousewhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows)facesouth.which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)Childrenliketoreadbookswhichhavewonderfulpictures.Thepen(which)myunclegavemeismissingAsisknowntoall，Edisoninventedtheelectriclamp.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分典句示例关系代词与关系副词的判定that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略，不引导非限制性定语从句)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Idon’tknowtheman(that)youmentioned.as人或物(在非限制性定语从句中也可指代整个句子)主语、宾语、表语Asisknowntoall，Edisoninventedtheelectriclamp.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.when(＝适当介词＋which)时间时间状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.where(＝适当介词＋which)地点地点状语Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.why(＝forwhich)原因原因状语NoneofusknowthereasonwhyTomwasabsentfromthemeeting.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分典句示例关系代词与关系副词的判定1.表示时间、地点、原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时，应用that或which。作宾语时，that/which也可省略。2.当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage，job，activity等名词时，后面定语从句的关系词使用有两种情况：第一，当定语从句缺主语或宾语时，用which或that。第二，当定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时，通常用where。Hehadtofacetheconditionwherepressurewasheavy.3.当先行词way意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有两种情况：(1)当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，用关系代词that或which。(2)当定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语时，可用inwhich，that或不用任何关系词。Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于inthis/thatway)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语)Theway(that/which)heshowedusleadstothesmallvillage.(way意为“道路”)考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分典句示例关系代词与关系副词的判定4.如何选择关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。若及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词作宾语；而不及物动词则不可带宾语，故用关系副词。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。5.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致(1)oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词(2)theonlyoneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词TitanicistheonlyoneofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.Tomisn’ttheonlyoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.＝Tomisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.注意：nottheonlyoneof...＝oneof...几组关系代词的区别用that不用which先行词是all，much，little，few，some，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时Anythingthatcanburnisasourceofheatenergy.Pleasegetreadyforeverything(that)weneed.先行词被every，all，some，much，theonly，any，thefew，thevery，no，little，thesame，thelast等修饰时Thisistheverybook(that)I’mlookingfor.Theonlything(that)wecandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.先行词即指人又指物时Hetalkedaboutthingsandpersons(that)theyrememberedintheschool.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Whichisthebike(that)youlost？当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.几组关系代词的区别thesame...as与thesame...thatthesame...as...表示相似的东西thesame...that...表示同一人或物ThisisthesameknifeasIlost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。(相似的一个)ThisisthesameknifethatIlost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。(同一个)such/so...as与such/so...thatsuch/so...as(定语从句)像……那样such/so...that(状语从句)如此……以至于ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.几组关系代词的区别as与which1.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。2.as意为“正如……，正像……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等；which意为“这一点”。另外，as多用于下列习惯用语中：asanybodycanseeaswehadexpectedasoftenhappensashasbeensaidbeforeasismentionedaboveAvatarisaverysuccessfulfilm，asisknowntoall.Asweallknow，TaiwanbelongstoChina.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff，whichastonishedus.介词＋关系代词(不可用that，who加介词)名(代)词＋介词＋关系代词(一般作主语)Ipickeduptheapples，someofwhichwerebad.数词或形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词(一般作主语)Hehastencousins，threeofwhomareclever.Hehastencousins，theyoungestofwhomisclever.介词＋关系代词(一般作状语)ThisisthegirlfromwhomIlearnedthenews.介词短语＋关系代词(一般作状语)Jackwasafamousdoctor，withthehelpofwhomtheysucceededinanoperation.介词＋which＋名词(一般在句中作状语)Shesufferedfromillness，inwhichcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.介词＋whose＋名词(一般作状语)Heisthemanfromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen.fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor，fromwherehesawthemantakeaphotoofsomethingonthedesk.(fromwhere指frombehindthedoor)特殊定语从句分裂式定语从句(先行词与关系代(副)词分隔)Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvitedtotheimportantball.插入式定语从句(关系代词与从句中插入一个句子)Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery，whichIthinkisveryimportanttoscience.省略式定语从句(介词＋关系代词＋不定式)IintendtomakefriendswithaFrenchmanfromwhomtoimprovemyFrench.定语从句与其他从句(句型)的区别类别区别例句定语从句与并列句并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。①Ihavethreecars，noneof______isingoodcondition.②Ihavethreecars，butnoneof______isingoodcondition.句①中cars后面是非限制性定语从句，空格中填关系代词which；句②中有并列连词but，题干是并列句，空格中填代词them。类别区别例句定语从句与状语从句定语从句修饰、限定先行词，常放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，可以放在主句的前面。Doyouknowthetimewhenthemeetingwasover？(when引导定语从句)Whenthemeetingwasover，itwasalreadyfiveo’clook.(when引导时间状语从句)when，where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时不行。Thisistheschoolwhere(＝in