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SCMisanintegratedcircuitchip,istheuseoflargescaleintegratedcircuittechnologytoadataprocessingcapabilityofCPUCPUrandomaccessmemoryRAM,read-onlymemoryROM,avarietyofI/Oportandinterruptsystem,timers/timerfunctions(whichmayalsoincludedisplaydrivercircuitry,pulsewidthmodulationcircuit,analogmultiplexer,A/Dconvertercircuit)integratedintoasiliconconstituteasmallandcompletecomputersystems.SCMisalsoknownasmicro-controller(Microcontroller),becauseitisthefirsttobeusedinindustrialcontrol.OnlyasinglechipbytheCPUchipdevelopedfromadedicatedprocessor.ThefirstdesignisbyalargenumberofperipheralsandCPUonachipinthecomputersystem,smaller,moreeasilyintegratedintoacomplexanddemandingonthevolumecontroldevicewhich.TheZ80INTEListhefirstdesignedinaccordancewiththisideaprocessor,thenonthedevelopmentofmicrocontrolleranddedicatedprocessorswillbepartingways.Are8-bitmicrocontrollerearlyor4bits.OneofthemostsuccessfulistheINTEL8031,forasimple,reliableandgoodperformancewasalotofpraise.Thendevelopedin8031outofMCS51MCUSystems.SCMsystemsbasedonthissystemuntilnowisstillwidelyused.Withtheincreasedrequirementsofindustrialcontrolfield,begana16-bitmicrocontroller,butnotidealbecausethecosthasnotbeenverywidelyused.After90yearswiththegreatdevelopmentofconsumerelectronics,microcontrollertechnologyhasbeenahugeincrease.WithINTELi960series,especiallythelaterseriesofwidelyusedARM,32-bitmicrocontrollerquicklyreplacehigh-end16-bitMCUstatusandenterthemainstreammarket.Thetraditional8-bitmicrocontrollerperformancehavebeentherapidincreasecapacityincreasecomparedto80thenumberoftimes.Currently,high-end32-bitmicrocontrollerclockedover300MHz,theperformancecatchingthemid-90sdedicatedprocessor,whiletheaveragemodelpricesfalltooneU.S.dollar,themosthigh-end[1]modelonly10dollars.ModernSCMsystemsarenolongeronlyinthedevelopmentanduseofbaremetalenvironment,alargenumberofproprietaryembeddedoperatingsystemiswidelyusedinthefullrangeofSCM.Thehandheldcomputersandcellphonesasthecoreprocessingofhigh-endmicrocontrollercanevenuseadedicatedWindowsandLinuxoperatingsystems.SCMismoresuitablethanthespecificprocessorusedinembeddedsystems,soitwasuptotheapplication.InfactthenumberofSCMistheworld'slargestcomputer.Modernhumanlifeusedinalmosteverypieceofelectronicandmechanicalproductswillbeintegratedsinglechip.Phone,telephone,calculator,homeappliances,electronictoys,handheldcomputersandcomputeraccessoriessuchasamousewitha1-2inboththeDepartmentofSCM.PersonalcomputerwillhavealargenumberofSCMinthework.Generalcarwithmorethan40microcontroller,acomplexindustrialcontrolsystemsmayevenhundredsofsinglechipatthesametimework!SCMisnotonlyfarexceedsthenumberofPCandothercomputingthesum,orevenmorethanthenumberofhumanbeings.Singlechip,alsoknownassingle-chipmicrocontroller,itisnotcompleteacertainlogicchips,buttoacomputersystemintegratedintoachip.Equivalenttoamicro-computer,andcomputerthanjustthelackofamicrocontrollerI/Odevices.Generaltalk:achipbecomesacomputer.Itssmallsize,lightweight,cheap,forthestudy,applicationanddevelopmentoffacilitiesprovided.Atthesametime,learningtousetheMCUistounderstandtheprincipleandstructureofthecomputerthebestoption.Microcontrollerandthecomputerfunctionsinternallywithsimilarmodules,suchasCPU,memory,parallelbus,thesameeffectthere,andharddiskmemorydevice,isitdifferentpropertiesofthesecomponentsarerelativelyweakmanyofourhomecomputer,butthepriceislow,usuallynotmorethan10yuanyoucandowithit......somecontrolforaclassisnotverycomplicatedelectricalworkisenoughof.Weareusingautomaticdrumwashingmachine,smokehood,VCDandsoonapplianceswhichcouldseeitsshadow!......Itismainlypartofthecorecomponentsasthecontrol.tisanonlinereal-timecontrolcomputer,on-lineison-sitecontrol,needtohavestronganti-interferenceability,lowcost,andthisis,andoff-linecomputer(suchashomePC),themaindifference.SinglechipMCUisthroughrunning,andcanbemodified.Throughdifferentprocedurestoachievedifferentfunctions,inparticularspecialuniquefeatures,thisisanotherdevicemucheffortneedstobedone,somearegreateffortsareverydifficulttoachieve.Anotverycomplexfunctionsifthe50'swiththeUnitedStatesdeveloped74series,orthe60'sCD4000seriesofthesepurehardwarebuttoned,thenthecircuitmustbealargePCBboard!ButiftheUnitedStatesifthe70'swithaseriesofsuccessfulSCMmarket,theresultwillbeadrasticchange!Justbecauseyouarepreparedbymicrocomputerprogramscanachievehighintelligence,highefficiencyandhighreliability!Asthemicrocontrolleronthecost-sensitive,sonowthedominantsoftwareorthelowestlevelassemblylanguage,whichisthelowestlevelinadditiontomorethanbinarymachinecodelanguage,andassolowwhyistheuse?Manyhigh-levellanguagehasreachedthelevelofvisualprogrammingWhyisnotit?ThereasonissimplythatthereisnohomecomputerasasinglechipCPU,notashardasamassstoragedevice.Avisualizationofsmallhigh-levellanguageprogramisonlyonebuttononitthough,willreachtensofKinsize!ForthehomePC'sharddriveintermsofnothingbutspeakingfortheMCUisnotacceptable.SCMintheutilizationofhardwareresourcestobeveryhighforthejobsoalthoughtheoriginalisstillinthecompilationofalotofuse.Thesametoken,ifthegiantcomputeroperatingsy