英语：Unit1 Great scientists-Warming up and Reading(1

Unit1GreatscientistsDoyouknowtheirnames?•Theworksofscientistsmakelifemucheasierandmorecomfortable.Theymakegreatcontributiontosocialdevelopment.hard-workingWhatqualitiesdoyouthinktheyhaveincommon?modestprudentsteadfastdevotedwiseconscientiousArchimedesHewasanancientGreekmathematician.Hefoundifyouputanobjectintowater,thewaterpushestheobjectup.Let’slearnaboutsomescientists.HewroteTheOriginofSpecies.Itexplainedhowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged.CharlesDarwinHeimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltbyThomasSaveryandturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofmines.LaterJamesWattturneditintothefirstmodernsteamengineusedontherailways.ThomasNewcomenHeusedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren.GregoryMendelShediscoveredradiumin1898.ShereceivedtwoNobelPrizes,oneforphysicsandoneforchemistry.MarieCurieHeinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities.ThomasEdisonLeonardodaVinciHewasafamousartist.Heusedtostudydeadpeopleinordertomakehispaintingsasaccurateaspossible.Hedevelopedasafetylampforminersin1815.Itmadeworkingconditionsundergroundverymuchsafer.SirHumphryDavyHeinventedthefirstseismographtoindicateinthedirectionofanearthquakes.ZhangHengHeputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes.StephenHarkingTHINKWORKFINDHowdothescientistsusuallydoscientificresearch?TheprocessFindaproblemMakeaquestionThinkofamethodCollectresultsAnalysetheresultsFindsupportingevidenceDrawaconclusionSOLVEWhatinfectiousdiseasesdoyouknowabout?Thingstodotopreventinfectiousdiseases:•Washyourhandsoften,especiallyduringcoldandfluseason.•Beawareofwhatyoueat,andbecarefulhowyouprepareit.•Useantibioticsexactlyasprescribed.•Becautiousaroundallwildanddomesticanimalsthatarenotfamiliartoyou.•Avoidareasofinsectinfestation.CholeraistheillnesscausedbyabacteriumcalledVariancholera.Ifitinfectspeople’sintestines(肠胃),itmaycausediarrhea,vomitingandlegcramps(腹痛).Themostcommoncauseofcholeraisbysomeoneeatingfoodordrinkingwaterthathasbeenpollutedbythebacteria.Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?•Choleracanbemild(不严重的)orevenwithoutsymptoms(症状),butaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.Doyouknowthisperson?•JohnSnow(1813~1858)•alegendaryfigureinthehistoryofpublichealth,epidemiology（流行病学）andanesthesiology（麻醉学）What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.B.ThecauseofCholerawaspollutedwater.C.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D.HowJohnSnowcollected,analyzeddataandfoundthecauseofthediseaseandsolvedit.FastreadingUsethesevenstagesinsettingoutanewscientificideatodescribeeachparagraph.CarefulreadingdrawaconclusionfindaproblemmakeupaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsfindsupportingevidencePara1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6Para7FindaproblemWhatcausescholera?MakeaquestionWhichtheoryiscorrect?ThinkofamethodCollectdataonthosewhowereillordiedandwheretheygottheirwater.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.5AnalysetheresultsAnalysethewatertoseeifthatisthecauseoftheillness.Para.6FindsupportingevidenceFindotherevidencetosupporttheanalysis.Para.7DrawaconclusionThewaterwastoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedtomakesureitissafe.Para.4CollectresultsPlotinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie.1.Learnmoreaboutgreatscientists.2.Reviewthevocabulary.3.Readthetextcarefully.