-58 -:2010-05-21:(1962-),,,,。,(,250013) :危险废物回转窑焚烧处置工艺具有诸多优点,但是当危险废物焚烧产生的灰渣熔融温度较低时,窑内的高温气氛会将灰渣颗粒熔融成液相,导致回转窑的结渣。灰渣的熔融实验结果证明,灰渣的熔融温度比较低,变形温度仅有1000℃左右。化学组分对灰渣熔融温度的影响研究表明,SiO2、Al2O3、CaO和CaSO4都对灰渣的熔融温度起到了升高的作用。采用计算机控制系统对整个系统进行监测、控制和管理,控制回转窑的温度在略低于灰渣熔融温度的水平运行,或者对危险废物在焚烧前进行合理的预混配伍,都能起到较好的预防回转窑结渣的作用。:危险废物;计算机控制系统;温度控制;结渣:TK32 :A :1004-3950(2010)05-0058-05StudyonapplyingcomputercontrolsystemtopreventhazardouswasterotarykilnincinerationfromslaggingLIUJin-kui;ANChun-guo(ShandongElectricPowerEngineeringConsultingInstituteCo.,Ltd,Jinan250013,China)Abstract:Rotarykilnincinerationtechnologyhasseveraladvantageswhenusedtodisposeofhazardouswastes.Whenslagproducedfromhazardouswastesincinerationhaslowerfusiontemperature,slaggranuleswillbemeltedbythehightemperature;consequentlymoltengranulescouldresultinrotarykilnslagging.Theexperimentalresultsprovethatslaghasratherlowfusiontemperature,deformationtemperatureisonlyabout1000℃.Moreovertheeffectsofchemicalcomponentsonthemeltingcharacteristicsofslagwereanalyzed;it'sshownthatSiO2,Al2O3,CaOandCaSO4in-creasedfusiontemperatureofslag.Computercontrolsystemmonitors,controlsandmanagesallthesystems.Rotarykilntemperatureshouldbecontrolledalittlelowerthanfusiontemperatureofslag;andhazardouswastesshouldbeap-propriatelyblendedbeforeincineration.Rotarykilnslaggingispreventedwellbyapplyingcomputercontrolsystem.Keywords:hazardouswaste;computercontrolsystem;temperaturecontrol;slagging0 ,20071079t,。、。、、,1。,850~1150℃,,,1100~1200℃。500℃,。、,[1-6]。,,,,[3-7]。,,DOI:10.16189/j.cnki.nygc.2010.05.0032010,5 -59 -。1 1 ,,、。、。PLCS7-200,,—,,,。、、、、。PROFIBUSDP,PLC,PROFIBUSDP、。、,PLCS7-200,。,、,。、、PID、,,。、[5-11]。2 2.1 实验材料,,,。、。,。,。HITACHIS-4800(ScanningE-lectronMicroscope,SEM)(EnergyDispersiveSpectrometer,EDS),1,SiO2、CaO、Na2O、Al2O3,SiO240%,、。1 /%B2O3Na2OMgOAl2O3SiO2SO3K2OCaOTiO2Fe2O3ClSlag-15.129.361.167.3040.864.411.1117.750.853.888.21Slag-23.809.911.047.0345.364.060.9617.351.013.146.34Slag-33.469.841.255.5141.618.860.8018.930.602.626.522.2 灰渣的熔融温度5E-AFШ,GB/T219-1996《》,,1500℃。,(td、ts、th-60 -tf),,。2,Slag-1~Slag-31000℃,1060℃,1300℃。2 /℃tdtsthtfSlag-1996107110971237Slag-21016106611011259Slag-3986105811261201,1300~1500℃。,850~1150℃,,,,,[11-14]。2.3 化学组分对灰渣熔融温度的影响SiO2、CaO,。Slag-2,,5E-AFШ,(SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、CaSO4)。CaO,。,,SiO2、Al2O3、CaOCaSO42。 Slag-2SiO245.36%,SiO2,SiO270%,。SiO22(a)。SiO2,SiO2,SiO2,,SiO2,SiO250%70%,1020℃1131℃,ts1080℃1271℃,tf1277℃1380℃,2010,5 -61 -[12-15]。Al2O32(b),Al2O310%50%,2(b)Al2O3,Al2O3,。Al2O3SiO2(2SiO2·3Al2O3),Al2O3,。2(b),Al2O350%,thtf1500℃,ST1400℃,Al2O310%,ts318℃[15-18]。CaOCaSO42(c)2(d),CaOCaSO4,td、tsth,tf。CaO20%30%,td、tsth,CaO60%,1500℃。CaSO4,td、tsth,2(d),td115℃,HT82℃,CaSO4,tf,20℃。CaOCaSO4,(tf-td)[17-22]。3 ,,,。,、。,。,,。(1),,1000℃,1060℃。,,,、PID,。、、。,PLC,,;,,;;,,。3,,,PLC,,、,,,,[8-10,23]。3 -62 - (2),,Al2O330%,1149℃。,,,SiO2、Al2O3。,、、,,,PLC,PLC,4。4 ,,,;,,[4-6,8-10,23-24]。4 (1),1000℃,1060℃,1300℃,,,,,。(2),SiO2、Al2O3、CaOCaSO4,SiO2Al2O3,CaSO4。(3),、。,,,。:[1] , , ,.[J].2009,16(2):36-39.[2] .[J].,2003,20(6):65-67.[3] POLPRASERTC,LIYANAGEL.HazardousWasteGenerationAndProcessing[J].Resources,conserva-tionandrecycling,1996,(16):213-226.[4] .[J].,2005(2):14-15.[5] ,,.[J].,2009(4):40-42.[6] .:[M].:,2000.[7] ,, ,.[J].,2006,27(7):27-30.[8] .[J].,2008,29(5):27-29.[9] , , ,.[J].,2009(5):25-29.[10] ,, ,.、[J].,2003(3):9-13.[11] ,, ,.[J].,2004(6):38-43.[12] AZNII,KATAYONS.Characteristicsofslagpro-ducedfromincineratedhospitalwaste[J].JournalofHazardousMaterials,2002,B93:201-208.[13] , , .[J].,2006(1):36-40.[14] .[D].:,2006.[15] ,,,.SiO2-Al2O3-CaO[J].,2008,28(5):39-43.(下转第67页)2010,5 -67 -34.4186×300=10325.6t700/t,:700×10325.6=722.793.2 节约用水效益计算100t/h,:100×24×300=72.0t2.3/t,:72×2.3=165.63.3 节约除盐水处理费用效益计算,(、,)1.5/t,,0.5/t,75%,:100×75%×24×300×(1.5-0.5)=543.4 成本回收942.39。、、、350。:350/942.39=0.3714a5。5 ,,。、、。,,。、、,。:[1] , ,.[J].,2007,28(4):25-26.[2] ,,.[M].:,2005.[3] .[J].,2007(2):41.◇◇◇◇◇(上接第62页)[16] MARRISS,MARTINEZL.Slaggingandfoulingcharacteristicsofseam,Paniancoalfield,SemiraraIs-land,Philippines[J].Fuel,2006,85(3):306-314.[17] ,,,.[J].,2005(12):27-31.[18] ,.[J].,2006(4):30-33.[19] MELOGF,CARVALHOJA.Acasestudyofairenrichmentinrotarykilnincineration[J].Interna-tionalcommunicationsinheatandmasstransfer,1998,25(5):681-692.[20] ,, ,.[J].(),2005,33(7):71-73.[21] .[D].:,2006.[22] SUS,POHLJH,HOLCOMBED,etal.Slaggingpropensitiesofblendedcoals[J].Fuel,2001,80(9):1351-1360.[23] , .[J].,2005(2):46-48.[24] ,.[J].,2005(5):51-53.