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(),(,116023)[](1939-),,,,:,300,4,7,0411-4671991-735,,,,,,,,,,,,(TPD)(MS)(GC),X,DeBoer1930,Fe/Al2O3Fe/SiO2Eischens[1]1954COPtNi,,EischensLittleHair60[13]BasilaYatesMillerBlyholderPritchard70[4,5]Sheppard90CO[6,7],,,:(1),1000cm-1,;(2),,,,;(3),,,(),,((FTIR));(4),,,,,,()(),,[414]1,,(infraredtransmission-absorptionspectroscopy)(diffusereflec2tancespectroscopy)(la2serRamanspectroscopy)(infraredemissionspectroscopy),,27PETROCHEMICALTECHNOLOGY2001301(internalreflectionspectroscopy)(optoacousticspectroscopy)(inelasticelectrontunnelingspectroscopy),,,(in2elasticneutronscatteringspectroscopy),,,,:A+R+T=1:A;R;T,,,;,;,11111111,,,,Smith,,,d(d),,,1000cm-1KBr,,,,McDonald1958,25mm6mm,,1525mm1,(45#),¨1314,1m,,,1b,,,,711MPa,,1a1b,,4000cm-110%30%11112,,Eischens[1],,,,(1)()(2),(3),(4)2[15],,20027;500,100[15]371:()2()HY3,Peri[16]SiO2Al2O3Al2O3-SiO2,800,(),,10034[17]W/Al2O3CO100045[18],,5-195600,11310-4Pa,()6[19],,CO6a:800,2;6MPa;11310-4Pa;-,,,,1,11113,,(Michelson)47PETROCHEMICALTECHNOLOGY200130()6b11/;21;31;41;51O;61;71;81;91(CaF2);101;111O;121(CaF2);131;141;151;161;171;181;191;201M1M245P1(7)M1P1,,7Michelson11;21;31;41;51;61;71;81;91;1011/cm-13(1000cm-1)/%(20)/g(100ml)-1NaCl500062571540110,,,KBr500040081570112,,,,,CsI5000180111580718,,,CaF250001000515315,,,BaF25000750715612CaF2,SrF250008506511CaF2,AgCl50004501915616,NH4Cl,,,AgBr500028025,,,KRS-5500025028011911,,,,,Infrasil(SiO2)50002850NA33,HF,62510NA116,,,,,3;33NAP2P1,,P1,,M3,P1,M1,M1,P1,M4;P1P2M2,M2P1,P1,M4,M1,,M4,,,(1)1cm-1,012cm-1,011cm-1,0101cm-1(2),He-Ne,,0101cm-1(3),,1s,,(4)400010cm-1()571:()(5),,;(M),M,M(M100),,,22Perkin-ElmerFTIRFT-RamanBio-RadFTIRFT-RamanBrukerFTIRFT-RamanNicoletFTIRFT-RamanJascoFTIRFT-RamanBomemFTIRShimadzuFTIRHitachiFTIRSpeexRamanDilorRamanJobin-YvonRamanEG&GRamanSpectra-Tech.Inc.Spectra-PhysicsCo.PrincetonInstrumentsIns.CoherentCo.ActonResearchCo.(ARC)112(DRIFT)70,KÊrtumGriffihs,,DRIFTDRIFTS(ellip2soidal)Kubel2ka-Munk:KS=(1-R)22R,K,;S;R(),,FTIR,(off-axis)89KorteOttolight-pipeBlocker,FTIR,Kubelka,,89,400500,10a10b[14c]113,,,,,,70,,,,Kirchhoff,WA,Wbb,W/A==WbbKirchhoff,,E,A=E,,67PETROCHEMICALTECHNOLOGY20013010a10bWbb=1,,,,,01,T,R,A,T+R+A=100%=1,,T+A=1T+E=1,E=1-T,,W()Wbb,(=W/Wbb),,,:;,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,Primet[25],,250,BorelloPyrex,11[20,21],(),,,,700KBrNaCl,,,,(,),,(,)771:()(),MCTDTGSKBr,BomemDA-3FTIRPerkin-Elmer1800FTIR11,emission(emissivity)WWbb,LLbbL/Lbb,(emittance),,,,,,,,,,(relativeemittance,R),Ls(T);Lr(T),R=Ls(T)/Lr(T)Lb(T),R=Ls(T)/Lr(T)=[Ls(T)/Lb(T)]/[Lr(T)/Lb(T)]=s/r(s)(r),,,2,,,,,12CO12cCO,CO,,COCO-;12aCO,;12b,SiO2CO,SiO2OH,CO13COPt/Al2O3COPt,CO,,,,(),,,(),13CO3%Pt/-Al2O387PETROCHEMICALTECHNOLOGY200130,(),,,,,,,CO:CO,CO(32-5=1),(),2110cm-12165cm-1(QO,12c),COCO,(13)COMCO,Cv,=2A1+E1A1,COMC,E1,;MCOCO,C2V,=2A1+2B1+2B2A1,COMC;B1,;B2,(34-6=6),Pt/Al2O3Pt/SiO2PtPt(111)Pt(100)Pt,(EELS),,20702040cm-118701810cm-1480cm-1COPt(),,Eischens,:CO2000cm-1,CO2000cm-1(14)EischensCO,CO2000cm-1CO;CO2000cm-1CO,CO2H2ZnO:CO2H2ZnO(200),ZnO,15151369,1379,1572,2870cm-1HCOOHZnO,CO2H2ZnOHCOO,1369cm-11572cm-114Mn2(CO)10Fe2(CO)9;Mn2(CO)10CCl4OCO2870cm-11379cm-1CHCHH,CD2190cm-11342cm-1CD,C2H4Ni/SiO2:C2H4Ni/SiO215ZnOa.CO2+H2;b.HCOOH;c.CO2+D2;d.DCOOD971:(),EischensPliskin[1]:M+C2H4HCMCHM,HMHMM+C2H4CHCH2M,HM:M+C2H4CH2MCH2MM+C2H4+HCH2CH3MC2H4Ni/SiO2:28602940cm-11450cm-13020cm-1,28602940cm-1CH,1450cm-1CH2,3020cm-1C2H4Ni/SiO2(),CNi,C,H,3020cm-1H2,2960,2920,14601380cm-1,CH3CH2,CH,,,,,,16,:COCO2NONH3,3,,:,TPR-TPD,MossWhallySinfeltPonecClarkeSachtlervanSanten,B,Pt-AuPt-AgNi-CuPt-RhPt-RuPt-RePt-SnPt-MoPt-W,,17[22]17,Cu-Ni,CuCu,Cu-Ni;Cu90%,90%,,,TPD311SinfeltSachtle,Cu-Ni,,,,(SIMS)(ISS)(AES),:(1),;(2),,08PETROCHEMICALTECHNOLOGY20013017Cu-Ni(316)B,,Ramamoorthy[23]CONOPt-Ru,18CONO38%()RuPt-Ru/SiO2:COPt(2068cm-1),NORu(1800cm-1,1580cm-1):(1)6167kPaCO,15min;(2)NO,15min;(3)6167kPaCO30min,CO(2070cm-1)NO(1810cm-1)Pt-Ru/SiO2,193,:(1)Ru,NO(1800cm-1)CO(2070cm-1);(2),NO;(3)CORu,;(4)CORu3NOCOPt-Ru/SiO2Ru/%10080623822100Xb(Pt)/Xb(Ru)00125001615116303156091000ACO01051701617014820141701215ANO0120401914013810126701072ACO/ANO00125301675112711562198CO/cm-12030205020552068206520742070NO/cm-11820181718051800180118041760:Xb(Pt)/Xb(Ru)()1825CONO38%RuPt-Ru/SiO2A.;B.CO;C.NO;D.NO;E.5min6167kPaCO19Pt-Ru/SiO2CONO10%22%38%62%80%N(Ru)/N(Ru+Pt)d-,RuPt,PtC,CO,PtCORu,RuNORuN,NO181:()KCOKNOSCOSNO()Xs(Pt)Xs(Ru),ACO=KCOSCOXs(Pt)ANO=KNOSNOXs(Ru)ACO/ANOXb(Pt)/Xb(Ru),2020,,,:(1);(2),:;;20ACO/ANOXb(Pt)/Xb(Ru)3121974SomanotoSachtler[24]Pd-Ag/SiO2PdAg9%(),X,X21:(1)COPd,2000cm-1PdCO(),2000cm-1CO()(2)Ag,CO,CO,Pd-Ag/SiO2AgPdAg,Pd,CO,CO,Pd-Ag/SiO2COCu-NiCu-Ni:(1)COCO(NiPd);(2)CO1976PrimetSachtler[25](DigilabFTS14)Pd-Ag()2223COCOSomanoto[24]CO,21COPd-Ag/SiO2pCO=1133Pa;pCO=66166Pa22COPd-Ag/SiO228PETROCHEMICALTECHNOLOGY20013023CORaSL:CO;Sm:COd-,CO,CO,Ag,23Ra=SL/(SL+Sm),Ag5%,PdAg,RaX,CO9cm-1(20622053cm-1),Ag065%29cm-1(20782049cm-1),24,d-Pd-Ag,AgPdd,Pdd:AgsPdd;PdsPdd,,AgCO,Pd-AgPd-Ag/SiO2,,Ni-Cu,,,Ru/SiO2Cu,CO,H2CO,RuCuRu,Ertl[26]RuCu,LEEDH2CO,Ru-CuRuCu[27]H2COTPDTEMCu/RuRu-Cu/SiO2CORu/SiO2Cu/RuRu-Cu/SiO2Cu/SiO2,Cu/Ru,RuCO,(25