2012高考英语一轮复习语法课件(人教版):专题3 代词(it的用法)

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专题三代词(it的用法)英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。附表:代词类别例词例句人称代词主格I,we,you,he,she,it,theySheteachesusEnglish.宾格me,us,you,him,her,it,them—Whoisit?—It’sme.物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,theirThisisourclassroom.Hisfatherisanengineer.名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.Somethinghasgonewrongwithmybike.MayIuseyours?Thisbookisn’tmine;it’sTom’s.Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselvesTomtaughthimselfChinese.Shelovesmeformyself,notformymoney.Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.Imyselfcanrepairthebike.Thetableitselfhasonlythreelegs.指示代词this,that,these,thoseThereisthisseathere,nearme,orthereisthatoneinthefourthrow.Whichwillyouhave,thisorthat?TheweatherofZhanjiangisbetterthanthatofmyhometown.TVsetsmadeinNanjingarebetterthanthosemadehere.Hello,thisisJack.Whoisthatspeaking?相互代词eachother,oneanotherWebegantoknoweachothergradually.疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whoseTowhomdidyouspeakonthecampus?Whichcitydoyoulike,BeijingorShanghai?关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,asThisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.I’veneverseensuchabookasyouspokeof.不定代词some,any,one,either,neither,all,none,each,somebody,noone,nothing,something,anything,everything,everybodyIagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewitheverything.Alansoldmostofhisbelongings.Hehashardlyanythingleftinthehouse.【考点一】考查another,other,others,theother与theothers的辨析another,other,others,theother与theothers用法如下表:不定代词用法说明用法举例anotheranother常用来指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。Idon’tlikethiscoat.Showmeanother,please.other只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,one及my,your,his等时,则可与单数名词连用。Thereareotherwaystodothisexercise.Doyouhaveanyotherquestion(s)?不定代词用法说明用法举例others是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定语。Someofuslikesinginganddancing,othersgoinforsports.theother常与one连用,构成:one...theother...。表示“全部其余的一个或几个”。Hehastwodaughters.Oneisanurse,theotherisaworker.theothers特指其余的人或物。Twoboyswillgotothezoo,andtheotherswillstayathome.【即学即练】单项填空①Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,you’llhavetopay_______$15.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each解析:选A。句意为:如果你想换一间双人房间,你得再付15美元。“another+数词+复数可数名词”表示在原有基础上多出的数量。other,more也有“再、又”之意,但位置与another不同,应使用“数词+more/other+复数可数名词”结构。【考点二】考查some,any,(a)little,(a)few的用法(1)some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句。注意下列特殊情况:①some后接单数可数名词,意为“某一”时,相当于“acertain+单数可数名词”。②在表示请求或邀请的句子中,当期望对方给予一个肯定的答复时,通常用some,不用any。③在肯定句中表示“任何,无论哪一个”,后接可数名词单数形式时,通常用any,不用some。Anybookwilldo-Ijustwantsomethingtoreadonthetrain.④用于肯定的条件句中,意为“什么,一个(些)”。HeaskedmeifIhadanybooksinmydesk.⑤ifany是固定词组,意为“若有的话”。(2)few和little可用作代词和形容词。few和afew可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。few有否定含义,afew有肯定含义,little和alittle可以修饰或代替不可数名词。little有否定含义,alittle含肯定含义。Canwedoourworkbetterwithlessmoneyandfewpeople?【考点三】考查复合不定代词some,any,every,noone,body,thing构成复合不定代词。这类不定代词有:something(某事,重要的人或事物),anything(什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物),nothing(没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事),everything(一切事,最重要的事),someone=somebody(某/有人,重要的人),everyone=everybody(每个人,所有人),anyone=anybody(任何人,无论谁,重要的人)等。①something,anything,nothing和everything指物,它们在句中作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。somebody,anybody,nobody和everybody用以指人。②它们还与别的词构成很多习语,如:fornothing(徒劳,免费),nothingbut(仅仅,只不过),anythingbut(根本不,一点也不,绝非),allbut(几乎,差不多),everythingbut(除了……之外所有的)。③nothing和nobody/noone表示全部否定。④不定代词后跟else时,表示“另外的,其他的”;形容词修饰something/anything/nothing时,应置于不定代词之后。【考点四】考查both,either,neither,all,any,none的辨析both,either,neither,all,any,none用法见下表:代词意义用法说明用法举例both两者都表示肯定含义,可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。Bothofusarefondofmusic.I’lltakebothofthebookswithme.JuanandAdamsbothagreedtocooperate.either两者中的任何一个表示肯定意义,强调个体,可作主语、宾语和定语。Ifyoukeepstill,youcansitoneitherendoftheboat.neither两者都不表示两者否定,可作主语、宾语和定语。Neitherofthesewordsiscorrect.all全部(三者或三者以上)表示全部肯定,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。Weareallhere.Weallgotobedat10o’clock.All(the)girlsareout.any三者或三者以上的任何一个用法见【考点二】—Whenshallwemeetagain?—Anytimeyoulike.none三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定表示全部否定,在与of连用或回答howmany/much的提问时只能用none。Noneofthesethreewordsare(is)correct.—Howmanysheepdidyouseeonthehill?—None.【考点五】考查替代词it(them),one(ones),that(those)的用法替代词可数与否泛指与特指代替什么定语位置one(ones)可数泛指代替名词前置定语、后置定语that(those)可数/不可数特指代替名词后置定语it(them)可数/不可数特指人,物,事无定语Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(=apresent)thatIhaveneverseen.Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=manypresents)thatIhaveneverseen.Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanthat/theoneunderthedesk.Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.【即学即练】单项填空②TheEnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesisonlyslightlydifferentfrom______spokeninEngland.(2008·宁夏)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.theone解析:选C。句意为:在美国说的英语与在英国说的英语略有一点不同。为了避免重复,要用替代词代替前面出现的同一事情,但此处English为抽象名词,也是不可数名词,要用that,而不用theone。theone代替可数名词时,可与that互换。【考点六】考查it的用法用法说明用法举例指时间、距离、天气、环境等。It’stoolatetogotherenow.It’sgettingcolderandcoldernow.It’sabouttenminutes-walkfrommyhometotheschool.Itwasveryquietatthemoment.用来代替指示代词this或that以及复合不定代词something,anything,nothing等。—Whosejacketisthat?—Itishers.Nothingiswrong,isit?指代前面提到的不明身份的人、物或事。Idroppedmywatchanditbroke.Thereisaknockonthedoor.Itmustbethepostman.Ourteamwonthefootballmatch.Haveyouheardaboutit?指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。Thebabynomorecriedassoonasitsawitsmother.常与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